The article discusses the fuel and energy complex of Russia. It occupies a dominant position in the world, and therefore special attention is paid to the development of this sphere. Due to the current political events, problems arise in the way of cooperation between Russia and the CIS countries in the energy sector, which also affects the world energy markets. However, Russia's national interests extend to the integration of Asian processes in the field of energy, which favor the expansion of exports of energy resources to world markets. Coordination of oil and gas regions opens up access to maneuvering resources and appears to be a key factor of political and economic influence. China's dependence on CIS cooperation with Russia has increased, as interaction with these countries is required for the further development of the "One Belt, One Road" trade communication. This further strengthens the role of the Russian Federation as a unifying link in the chain of CIS countries. This makes it possible for Russia not only to take any actions in relation to energy trade, but also to actively improve the conditions for the transit of energy resources.