Cotton agroclimatic zoning is an essential tool to establish the most favorable periods for its cultivation, when the environmental conditions are more propitious, in order to reduce risks in agricultural activity. The objective of this work was to develop the zoning of the risk estimation of cotton yield reduction in the state of Mato Grosso, using the FAO method. Cultivars of early, medium and late cycles were considered, with four sowing dates (12/11, 12/21, 1/01 and 1/11) and three available water capacities (60, 140 and 200 mm). Results were specialized by ordinary kriging. The southernmost regions of the state presented the highest reduction risks, due to the lower precipitation in these areas. Sowing period 1 presented the lowest yield reduction risk, and the late-cycle cultivar in season 4 was the one that presented the highest reduction risk. Trough the validation of the obtained results, it can be considered that the methodology adopted in this work to verify the risk of yield decrease proved to be efficient.
Objetivou-se com esse trabalho determinar a adaptabilidade agroclimática da cultura do feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) às regiões de importância agrícola do estado de Mato Grosso. Utilizaram-se históricos de dados diários de precipitação e temperatura do ar, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), analisando-os conforme as exigências climáticas da espécie para os municípios de Campo Novo do Parecis, Diamantino, São José do Rio Claro, Campo Verde, Sinop e Sorriso, classificou-os conforme as classes de aptidão. A temperatura média nas regiões em estudo encontrou-se numa faixa ótima para o desenvolvimento do feijoeiro durante todo o ano, com médias entre 23,2 °C e 25,8 °C e a precipitação pluviométrica anual variou de 1.427,9 mm a 1.941 mm, porém não distribuídos regularmente durante todo o ano. As regiões podem ser consideradas aptas ao cultivo do feijoeiro na safra das “águas”, (semeadura realizada de outubro a dezembro) baseando-se na exigência térmica e necessidade hídrica da cultura, uma vez que estas permaneceram dentro da faixa ideal para o seu pleno desenvolvimento. Na safra da “seca”, quando o feijoeiro é semeado de fevereiro a março há possibilidade de ocorrência de deficiência hídrica, porém os riscos são minimizados com a antecipação da semeadura para fevereiro ou para o primeiro decêndio de março, já na safra de “inverno” (semeadura realizada de maio a junho) o cultivo do feijoeiro somente é possível com a utilização de tecnologia de irrigação, devido ao prolongado período com baixos índices pluviométricos. A B S T R A C T The aim of this work was to determine the agro-climatic suitability of beans crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in regions with agronomical importance in the State of Mato Grosso. We use diary historical data of precipitation and air temperature, released by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and National Water Agency (ANA), analyzing according to the climatic requirements of the specie for the municipalities of Campo Novo do Parecis, Diamantino, São José do Rio Claro, Campo Verde, Sinop and Sorriso, ranked them according to the suitability classes. The average temperature in the regions in a study found optimal for the development of beans throughout the year, averaging between 23.2 ° C and 25.8 ° C and annual rainfall ranged from 1427.9 mm to 1941 mm, but not distributed regularly throughout the years. The regions studied can be considered suitable to the bean crop in the “rainy” harvest, (sowing from October to December) based on climatic requirement and water needs of the crop. In the “drought” harvest, when the beans is sowed from February to March, there is the possibility of water deficit, however the risk can be reduced with the anticipation of sowing to the month of February, or in the first ten-days period of March, in the “winter” harvest (sowing from May to June) the beans crop is only possible with irrigation technology, due to the long period of low rainfall rates. Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L., rainfall, temperature.
The homogeneity investigation of a series can be performed through several nonparametric statistical tests, which serve to detect artificial changes or non-homogeneities in climatic variables. The objective of this work was to evaluate two methodologies to verify the homogeneity of the historical climatological series of precipitation and temperature in Mato Grosso state. The series homogeneity evaluation was performed using the following non-parametric tests: Wald-Wolfowitz (for series with one or no interruption), Kruskal-Wallis (for series with two or more interruptions), and Mann-Kendall (for time series trend analysis). The results of the precipitation series homogeneity analysis from the National Waters Agency stations, analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Wald-Wolfowitz tests, presented 61.54% of homogeneous stations, being well distributed throughout Mato Grosso state, whereas those of the trend analysis allowed to identify that 87.57% of the rainfall-gauging stations showed a concentrated positive trend, mainly in the rainy season. Out of the conventional stations of the National Institute of Meteorology of Mato Grosso, seven were homogeneous for the precipitation variable, five for maximum temperature and four stations were homogeneous for minimum temperature. For the trend analysis in the 11 stations, positive trends of random nature were observed, suggesting increasing alterations in the analyzed variables. Therefore, the trend analysis performed by the Mann-Kendall test in the precipitation, and maximum and minimum temperature climate series, indicated that several data series showed increasing trends, suggesting a possible increase in precipitation and temperature values over the years. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis and Wald-Wolfowitz tests for homogeneity presented more than 87% of homogeneous stations.
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