Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring is used to prevent nerve damage in spine surgery and to detect changes in upper extremity nerve function. Upper extremity SSEP conduction changes may indicate impending nerve injury. We investigated the effect of operative positioning on upper extremity nerve function retrospectively in 1000 consecutive spine surgeries that used SSEP monitoring. The vast majority (92%) of upper extremity SSEP changes were reversed by modifying the arm position and were therefore classified as position-related. The incidence of position-related upper extremity SSEP changes was calculated and compared for five different surgical positions: supine arms out, supine arms tucked, lateral decubitus position, prone arms tucked, and the prone "superman" position. The overall incidence of position-related upper extremity SSEP changes was 6.1%. The lateral decubitus position (7.5%) and prone superman position (7.0%) had a significantly more frequent incidence of position-related upper extremity SSEP changes (P < 0.0001, Z-test for Poisson counts) compared with other positions (1.8%-3.2%). No patient with a reversible SSEP change developed a new postoperative deficit in the affected extremity. SSEP monitoring is of value in identifying and reversing impending upper extremity peripheral nerve injury.
Each year scores of American physicians and nurses travel overseas, usually at their own expense, aiming to improve the lot of desperate patients in developing countries. Our journals are filled with images of smiling children who have benefited from these gifts of care. Still, practicing medicine, and especially surgery, in a sporadic fashion in distant lands can lead to poor outcomes. It does little to improve public health or advance medical education. We address some of the ethical dilemmas intrinsic to international surgical missions and discuss how we might redirect our resources to provide better care to more people.
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