One
major problem in the application of TiO2 and other
oxides as an electron transport layer and optical window in perovskite
solar cells (PSCs) is the nonstoichiometric defects related to oxygen
vacancies. We report the studies of a TiO2 compact layer
annealed in ambient air and in an oxygen environment, and the consequences
on planar PSC performance. Chemical analysis and optical studies indicate
that oxygen vacancy density can be significantly reduced by changing
annealing conditions, leading to higher optical transmission of the
TiO2 layer and retarded carrier recombination in the PSC.
The carrier dynamics studies found that the electron recombination
lifetime was significantly increased. With an improved electron transport
layer, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs with a TiO2 compact layer annealed in oxygen was increased from 13.58% to 15.85%,
due to a largely enhanced current density when compared to the control
PSCs with TiO2 annealed in ambient air.
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