Analyses of mitochondrial adaptations in human skeletal muscle have mostly used whole-muscle samples, where results may be confounded by the presence of a mixture of type I and II muscle fibres. Using our MS-based proteomics workflow, we provide new insights into fibre-specific mitochondrial adaptations following two types of exercise training that were very different in terms of metabolic demands and fibre recruitment patterns: moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and sprint interval training (SIT). There was a larger number of differentially expressed proteins in each fibre type following MICT than SIT. Our novel mitochondrial normalisation strategy highlighted that most training-induced changes in mitochondrial protein abundances were stoichiometrically linked to the overall increase in mitochondrial content, except for the decreased abundance of complex IV subunits in both type I and II fibres following SIT, and the increase in proteins associated with fatty acid oxidation in type I fibres.
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