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Efficient procedures for the synthesis of benzo-fluorinated dibenz[b,f]azepines (iminostilbenes) from fluorinated isatins or indoles using a number of ring-expansion reactions are described. A range of mono- and difluorinated analogues is accessible, and the syntheses can deliver gram quantities of the final products, which are precursors of fluoro analogues of the important anticonvulsant carbamazepine.

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The anticonvulsant carbamazepine 1 is associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including hepatotoxicity; oxidative metabolism of 1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the ADRs. We report the synthesis and evaluation of 2-monohalo and 2,8-dihalo analogues of 1 that were intended to minimize reactive metabolite formation via arene oxidation and 10,11-epoxidation. Halo analogues were obtained either by rearrangement of halogenated N-arylindoles or from specifically halogenated iminodibenzyl derivatives. In rat hepatocytes, none of the analogues underwent oxidative dehalogenation or glutathione adduction. Some formation of the 10,11-epoxide still occurred, but aromatic hydroxylation was not seen with the exception of 2-fluoro, which allowed minor monohydroxylation. Complete inhibition of aromatic hydroxylation required at least monochlorination or difluorination of 1. In human liver microsomes, difluoro analogue 5b underwent 10,11-epoxidation but gave no arene oxidation.

Carbohydrates U 0500Efficient Synthesis of 1β-O-Acyl Glucuronides via Selective Acylation of Allyl or Benzyl D-Glucuronate. -An efficient two-step synthesis of O-acyl glucuronides like (IV) is presented, involving the regio-and stereoselective acylation of benzyl (I) or allyl (V) glucuronate esters with various acids at the 1-position followed by deprotection of the glucuronic acid (transfer hydrogenation or hydrolysis, respectively). A wide range of acyl groups is successfully introduced, including those derived from biologically active acids like diclofenac (IIf), zomepirac (IIe) or ibuprofen (VI). -(BOWKETT, E. R.; HARDING, J. R.; MAGGS, J. L.; PARK, B. K.; PERRIE, J. A.; STACHULSKI*, A. V.; Tetrahedron 63 (2007) 32, 7596-7605; Robert Robinson Lab., Dep. Chem., Univ. Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK; Eng.) -Mischke 46-174