Several factors can potentially affect the rate of immobilization of proteins onto solid supports, such as those used in affinity-based high-performance liquid chromatography. This study examined several of these factors and their influence on the coupling of periodate-treated rabbit immunoglobulin G antibodies to dihydrazide-activated silica. Items considered included the number of potential coupling sites on the antibodies, the density of activated sites on the support, the relative amount of antibody combined with the support, and the density of the overall reaction slurry. In each case, the rate of change in the solution-phase antibody concentration gave biphasic behavior which could be described by two competing pseudo-first-order reactions. The overall immobilization rate was essentially independent of the density of the support's activated sites (when present at a coverage of 0.1-0.4 micromol/m2) but was strongly influenced by the number of available coupling groups on the antibodies. Increasing the slurry density had no appreciable effect on the immobilization rate, and the reaction rate showed only a small change when using different types of reagents for support activation (e.g., adipic vs oxalic dihydrazide). These results are consistent with a mechanism in which the rate-limiting step during immobilization is the covalent attachment of antibodies to the support and not mass transfer of antibodies to the support's surface.

The use of list-learning paradigms to explore false memory has revealed several critical findings about the contributions of similarity and relatedness in memory phenomena more broadly. Characterizing the nature of “similarity and relatedness” can inform researchers about factors contributing to memory distortions and about the underlying associative and semantic networks that support veridical memory. Similarity can be defined in terms of semantic properties (e.g., shared conceptual and taxonomic features), lexical/associative properties (e.g., shared connections in associative networks), or structural properties (e.g., shared orthographic or phonological features). By manipulating the type of list and its relationship to a non-studied critical item, we review the effects of these types of similarity on veridical and false memory. All forms of similarity reviewed here result in reliable error rates and the effects on veridical memory are variable. The results across a variety of paradigms and tests provide partial support for a number of theoretical explanations of false memory phenomena, but none of the theories readily account for all results.

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