The relationship between exposure to violence and vulnerability to suicide among adolescents was examined. The topic was initiated by the rapid increase in adolescent's exposure to violence and the sparse systematic research available on its relationship to attitudes about life and death. The study's main hypothesis is that high levels of exposure to violence are associated with high suicide risk according to two conceptual paradigms--Fear of Death and Attraction and Repulsion to Life. Eighty-five adolescents were administered three self report questionnaires. The questionnaires assessed levels of exposure to violence, fear of death, and attitudes towards life and death. Those who had been exposed to a high level of violence reported attitudes synonymous with the profile of an individual at risk for suicide (low fear of death, low repulsion to death, and low attraction to life; high repulsion to life and high attraction to death).
This paper examines the phenomenology, aetiology and therapeutics of childhood aggression that arises as part of a disruptive behaviour disorder. Phenomenology is discussed with an emphasis on treatment implications. Reviewed studies show that aggressive behaviour exhibits both episodicity and considerable individual stability. Aetiological theories are reviewed with emphasis on the interplay between biological and socio-environmental factors. Both factors are centrally involved in the development and treatment of aggression. A review of double-blind, placebo-controlled medication studies is presented. A computer-based, literature search using Medline and PsychInfo was conducted to locate all potentially relevant articles published in the past 20 years. It was found that there are various treatments available for reducing paediatric aggression including psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatments. There are data to support the use of psychostimulants, lithium and antipsychotics, while data for other agents are only beginning to accumulate. Various pharmacological treatments can reduce aggression in children. However, given the role of both biological and social factors in the development of aggression, multimodal treatment may ultimately provide maximal benefits.
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