Postpartum hemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. Comprehensive hemorrhage protocols have been shown to improve outcomes related to postpartum hemorrhage, and a critical component in these processes include communication, teamwork, and team-based practice/simulation. As medicine becomes increasingly complex, the ability to practice in a safe setting is ever more critical, especially for low-volume, high-stakes events such as postpartum hemorrhage. These events require well-functioning teams and systems coupled with rapid assessment and appropriate clinical action to ensure best patient outcomes. We have shown that a multidisciplinary in situ simulation exercise improves self-reported comfort with managing obstetric emergencies, and is a safe and effective way to practice skills and improve systems processes in the health care setting.
Purpose -This paper seeks to describe a cost-benefit analysis of early childhood education programmes.Design/methodology/approach -The analysis utilises the best evidence available for early education programmes, combined with data from Washington State and economic literature to determine the monetary implications of these programmes.Findings -The results indicate that early childhood education can yield benefits that substantially outweigh the costs of the programmes. In addition, these benefits were found to apply in many different public sector areas.Originality/value -The paper offers an analytic model to determine the long-term benefits of early intervention programmes.
In 2014, nearly 5 million people were supervised in the community on probation or parole; yet, little research evidence exists indicating whether supervision is a costeffective strategy to reduce recidivism. Using a meta-analytic framework, this article presents findings from the Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP) on the cost-effectiveness of four community supervision strategies including intensive supervision programs both with and without a focus on treatment, supervision with risk-need-responsivity training for officers, and swift, certain, and fair supervision policies to address violation behavior. Results from the systematic review of the rigorous research evidence indicates that three of the four supervision strategies are effective at reducing recidivism and produce long-term financial benefits that outweigh the costs with a high degree of certainty. The implications of these findings are discussed as well as suggestions for future research.
The purpose of this article is to highlight a critical approach for practice, youth participatory action research, that can be used to invite rural youth to collaborate with school administrators, educators, and community leaders to identify and examine challenges, while building upon the strengths of a school and community to address challenges. Our youth participatory action research project was a collaboration between adult researchers and five students from a rural high school to examine and address postsecondary education access challenges. The adult and student researchers developed and implemented two evidence-based products: (a) a conference and (b) a resource corner in the school library. Student co-researchers demonstrated an increased commitment to the project, development of postsecondary education knowledge, and development as leaders during the project. Our project demonstrates evidence of youth participatory action research being an effective approach to address problems of practice in rural education.
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