This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. © 2009, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). The final, definitive version of this document can be found online at Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, doi: 10.1016Treatment, doi: 10. /j.jsat.2007 This is an author-produced, peer-reviewed version of this article. AbstractThis study evaluated the efficacy of an alcohol web-based personalized feedback program delivered in the workplace to young adults. Participants (N = 124) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: web-based feedback (WI), web-based feedback plus a 15-minute motivational interviewing session (MI), or a control group. Results indicated participants in the intervention group (WI and MI conditions combined) reported significantly lower levels of drinking than those in the control group at a 30-day follow-up. This was particularly true for participants classified as high-risk drinkers at the baseline assessment. Similar results were found when comparing the WI condition to the control group. No differences were found between the WI and MI conditions, indicating the addition of a 15-minute motivational interviewing session did not increase the efficacy of the web-based feedback program. Findings support the use of web-based feedback as a stand-alone alcohol prevention program for young adults in the workplace.

NTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IS A serious public threat that is exacerbated by the gradual withdrawal of the pharmaceutical industry from new antimicrobial agent development. 1 Overuse of antimicrobial agents fosters the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms. 2,3 Despite recent trends that demonstrate reduced outpatient use of antimicrobial agents, prescribing continues to significantly exceed prudent levels. 4-8 Approximately 50% of courses of ambulatory antimicrobial drugs are prescribed for patients with viral respiratory infections and therefore are not clinically indicated. 9-12 Behavioral facilitators of antimicrobial overuse and barriers to prudent use operate on both clinicians and patients. 13-16 Patient demand, perceived or actual, creates chal-See also pp 2315 and 2354.

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A systematic literature review of international empirical research was conducted to understand the impact of primary-secondary transition on children's experiences, outcomes and protective/ risk factors. The review covered the period 2008-2018 and met the gap in previous literature reviews. Using the EPPI-Centre approach, authors included 96 studies in the review. Synthesis of the findings suggested that, in the main, perceived and real relationships with teachers and peers led to positive or negative experiences. Pupils and parents were primarily concerned with changes in relationships during the transition from primary to secondary school. Some studies reported that transition can also have a positive effect on opportunities for establishing new friendships. There was a decline in educational and wellbeing outcomes, and there was a link between the two. However, we cannot say with any confidence whether this impact on outcomes was as a result of the transition to secondary school, and whether it was sustained over time. Protective and risk factors were related to the child and significant others in their ecosystem. There were contradictory findings about the impact of organisational and educational systems. A limited number of studies examined the differential impact of transitions on children with additional support needs. This review is the first to bring together various aspects of transitions and as a result provides some unique insights and makes an original contribution. It became clear that it is difficult to predict the impact of interactions between experiences, outcomes and factors, given the gaps in existing literature. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy, practice and future research.

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Objective: Determine the association of children's susceptibility to large food portion sizes with appetite regulation and obesity. Methods: Normal-weight and obese non-Hispanic black children (n 5 100) aged 5-6 years were observed in four dinner conditions of varying portion size; portions of all foods (except milk) offered were: 100% (677 kcal), 150% (1015 kcal), 200% (1353 kcal), or 250% (1691 kcal) of those in the reference condition (100%). Condition order was randomly assigned to 2-4 children who ate together at each meal. Child height and weight were measured and caregiver reports of child appetite were obtained. Hierarchical growth curve models were used to estimate associations of meal energy intake with portion size condition, child weight status, and appetite regulation traits, controlling for demographics. Results: Total energy intake increased across conditions of increasing food portion size (P < 0.001). The effect of portion size condition on total energy intake varied with food responsiveness (P 5 0.05) and satiety responsiveness (P < 0.05), but not weight status (P 5 0.682). Children with lower satiety responsiveness and greater food responsiveness showed greater increases in meal energy across conditions. Conclusions: Children with poorer appetite regulation may be more vulnerable to obesogenic dietary environments offering large food portions than other children.

This article explores the use of computer-assisted interviewing (CAI) as a tool for consulting with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This is considered within the context of a research study which utilized one CAI programme, In My Shoes, to investigate children and young people's views of provision, support, and participation in meetings and involvement in decision making. Based on a process of reflection through dialogue, the authors report on the perceived value of this methodology compared with traditional semi-structured interviewing. The researchers conclude that this approach offers potential in interviewing children with ASD. Implications for practitioners and avenues for future research are considered.

Background: Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli may colonize and cause infections in humans, but definitive proof is elusive and supportive evidence is limited. Methods: Approximately contemporaneous antimicrobial-resistant (n ¼ 181) and antimicrobial-susceptible (n ¼ 159) E. coli isolates from retail meats and from human stool and clinical specimens from a single rural U.S. community were compared for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-defined phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D) and virulence genotype. Meat and human isolates from the same phylogenetic group with similar virulence profiles underwent sequential two-locus sequence analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results: According to phylogenetic distribution, resistant stool isolates were more similar to resistant meat isolates than to susceptible stool isolates. Overall, 19% of meat isolates satisfied molecular criteria for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Nine sequence groups included meat and human isolates, and 17 of these 64 isolates demonstrated >80% RAPD profile similarity to an isolate from the alternate source group (meat vs. human). However, PFGE profiles of the 17 isolates were unique, excepting two stool isolates from the same household. Conclusion: Nearly 20% of meat-source resistant E. coli represented ExPEC. The observed molecular similarity of certain meat and human-source E. coli isolates, including antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic strains, supports possible foodborne transmission.