This article documents the addition of 512 microsatellite marker loci and nine pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Alcippe morrisonia morrisonia, Bashania fangiana, Bashania fargesii, Chaetodon vagabundus, Colletes floralis, Coluber constrictor flaviventris, Coptotermes gestroi, Crotophaga major, Cyprinella lutrensis, Danaus plexippus, Fagus grandifolia, Falco tinnunculus, Fletcherimyia fletcheri, Hydrilla verticillata, Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus, Leavenworthia alabamica, Marmosops incanus, Miichthys miiuy, Nasua nasua, Noturus exilis, Odontesthes bonariensis, Quadrula fragosa, Pinctada maxima, Pseudaletia separata, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Podocarpus elatus, Portunus trituberculatus, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhinella schneideri, Sarracenia alata, Skeletonema marinoi, Sminthurus viridis, Syngnathus abaster, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) chinensis, Verticillium dahliae, Wasmannia auropunctata, and Zygochlamys patagonica. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Chaetodon baronessa, Falco columbarius, Falco eleonorae, Falco naumanni, Falco peregrinus, Falco subbuteo, Didelphis aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Marmosops paulensis, Monodelphis Americana, Odontesthes hatcheri, Podocarpus grayi, Podocarpus lawrencei, Podocarpus smithii, Portunus pelagicus, Syngnathus acus, Syngnathus typhle,Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli and Verticillium albo-atrum. This article also documents the addition of nine sequencing primer pairs and sixteen allele specific primers or probes for Oncorhynchus mykiss and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; these primers and assays were cross-tested in both species.
An advance directive for psychiatric care is a legally enforceable document that specifies the manner in which psychiatric treatment decisions are to be made in the event that a person later becomes incompetent to make informed health care decisions. Although the concept of psychiatric advance directives has gained considerable popularity in recent years, the groundswell of interest in these instruments largely precedes the development of a coherent body of governing law. Existing state statutes and case law provide significant legal authority for the use and enforcement of advance directives in psychiatric settings, but serious questions remain concerning the scope of their enforceability, particularly in the context of involuntary treatment.The term advance directive for psychiatric care describes a legally enforceable document that sets forth a person's wishes concerning psychiatric treatment in anticipation of the event that he or she may later become incompetent to make informed health care decisions. Although the use of advance medical directives has become increasingly prevalent since the decision of the New Jersey Supreme Court in the case of In re Quintan 1 and the subsequent adoption of "living will" legislation in nearly every state, relatively little attention has been devoted to exploring the potential use of such directives in the psychiatric context. Nevertheless, the use of advance directives would seem particularly well suited to use by persons with mental illness for whom alternating periods of competence and incompetence frequently confound the medical decision-making process and result in the individual's forfeiture of even the most basic control over the course of treatment.Advance directives offer the potential to ameliorate some of the most plaguing and persistent problems that arise in connection with the provision of mental health services. It is well recognized by both proponents and detractors of involuntary interventions that current efforts to ensure adequate treatment for the most "treatment resistant" populations have largely failed to achieve their purpose. Well-known is the "revolving door syndrome" that describes the all-too-frequent
Theories for the origins of agriculture are still debated, with a range of different explanations offered. Computational models can be used to test these theories and explore new hypotheses; Bowles and Choi [Bowles S, Choi J-K (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(22): [8830][8831][8832][8833][8834][8835] have developed one such model. Their model shows the coevolution of farming and farming-friendly property rights, and by including climate variability, replicates the timings for the emergence of these events seen in the archaeological record. Because the processes modeled occurred a long time ago, it can be difficult to justify exact parameter values; hence, we propose a fitting to idealized outcomes (FIO) method to explore the model's parameter space in more detail. We have replicated the model of Bowles and Choi, and used the FIO method to identify complexities and interactions of the model previously unidentified. Our results indicate that the key parameters for the emergence of farming are group structuring, group size, conservatism, and farming-friendly property rights (lending further support to Bowles and Choi's original proposal). We also find that although advantageous, it is not essential that farming productivity be greater than foraging productivity for farming to emerge. In addition, we highlight how model behaviors can be missed when gauging parameter sensitivity via a fix-all-but-one variation approach.Neolithic revolution | simulation | agent-based modeling | fitting to idealized outcomes | property rights A fter around 190,000 y of anatomically modern humans living as hunter-gatherers, societies began to make a transition to agricultural subsistence systems. These transitions are thought to have occurred independently in several regions of the world between 11,500 and 3,500 y before present (yBP) (1), and farming has spread to most of the world from these centers. This transition had major impacts on human demography, evolution, diet, health, culture, technology, and social inequality (2-5). It is generally agreed that there are at least three separate regions around the world where agriculture originated independently: the Fertile Crescent, Mesoamerica, and China (1, 2, 5). There is also growing evidence for additional independent origins of domestication, which include the eastern United States, the Andes, the Central and South America tropics, New Guinea, West Africa, and southern and northern India (5).A range of different explanations for the development of agriculture have been proposed, including some based on affluence and social competition [e.g., via feasting (6)] and others based on stress [e.g., because of population pressure (7) or climate changes (8)]; some propose revolution (e.g., 9), and some suggest changes were made consciously (e.g., 10), whereas others argue changes were made unconsciously (e.g., 11) (1). Whereas the long-term advantages of farming are clear in that it is a strategy that has generally led to increased carrying capacities and greater reproductive successes when...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.