Spina bifida patients showed lower BMD, vitamin D, and electrolyte values than the healthy population; hence, they have an increase risk of developing pathological fractures. Vitamin D supplementation for a longer time period could reduce this risk.
Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of a home-based moderate-to-vigorous intensity, phased (introduction, intermediate, maintenance), exercise prescription in breast cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Nineteen breast cancer patients were randomized to intervention or control for the duration of chemotherapy (16–24 weeks). The intervention was one aerobic exercise session at 80–90% VO2max for 25 min/week and 65%-75% VO2max for ≥ 50 min/week. Adherence to the tailored home-based program was assessed by heart rate monitors. Acceptability, tolerability, feasibility, efficacy, change in VO2max, and patient reported outcomes, safety, and clinical events were assessed. Results 25.7% of eligible women consented (acceptability). Adherence was 87.6%. Women were not able to maintain exercise intensity as chemotherapy progressed (23.7% of exercise minutes were completed at prescribed heart rate during maintenance). Efficacy of the intervention was demonstrated by maintenance of VO2max (−1.0 ± 13.2%) compared to (−27.5 ± 7.4%) the control group. Further, during and after therapy, patients in the intervention arm reported less fatigue (control-baseline: 14.4 ± 15.9; midpoint: 19.0 ± 11.4; follow-up: 29.4 ± 20.0; intervention-baseline: 29.2 ± 24.6; midpoint: 24.6 ± 14.4; follow-up: 23.6 ± 11.9), impairment in activities (control-baseline: 13.7 ± 16.0; midpoint: 32.8 ± 17.0; follow-up: 58.6 ± 27.9; intervention-baseline: 38.7 ± 31.8; midpoint: 47.1 ± 27.5; follow-up: 47.5 ± 31.0), and pain (control-baseline: 80.8 ± 17.1; midpoint: 73.9 ± 20.7; follow-up: 50.7 ± 25.7; intervention-baseline: 68.7 ± 28.4; midpoint: 61.4 ± 22.5; follow-up: 65.3 ± 22.4). There were no differences in adverse events, treatment delays, or pathological complete response. Conclusions Neoadjuvant breast cancer patients maintained approximately one hour/week of moderate-intensity exercise over the course of their treatment. Further, this volume of exercise was sufficient to maintain fitness capacity and quality of life compared to the control group. Trial registry: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03280836, prospectively registered 9/13/2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03280836.
Background: A patientʼs hemoglobin is typically expected to rise by 1 g/dL/unit transfused PRBCs. However, it has been theorized that mechanisms such as hyperbilirubinemia and splenomegaly might lead to either a direct lysis or sequestration of red blood cells that could decrease this proportionate response. Study Design and Methods: Patients with resolved GI bleeding but still requiring transfusion to correct anemia were compared in cirrhosis and control groups. A retrospective chart review between 2015 and 2020 was conducted at a single institution. Data collected included age, sex, BMI, GI bleed diagnosis, number of PRBCs transfused, presence of splenomegaly and spleen size, alcohol use history, type of cirrhosis, MELD-Na at admission, GFR, and pre-and posttransfusion labs: total bilirubin, ALT, hemoglobin, hematocrit. A logic regression was performed for each group looking at which factors were associated with a successful response (defined as >0.9 g/dL hemoglobin per unit transfused). Results: Mean change in hemoglobin was 0.77 g/dL in patients with cirrhosis compared to 1.46 g/dL in patients without (P < .001, N = 103). Odds ratios for presence of splenomegaly (0.22, N = 78) and female sex (4.39, N = 102) in predicting adequate response (>0.9 g/dL/unit) were both significant (P = .002) as well as portal hypertensive bleed diagnosis (0.28, N = 85, P = .0015). Factors that did not contribute included: age, race, BMI, alcohol use, GFR, change in ALT, and change in total bilirubin. Conclusions: Patients with cirrhosis have an approximately 50% decreased response to transfusion with PRBCs after resolution of a gastrointestinal bleed in comparison to patients without cirrhosis. Risk factors included splenomegaly, portal hypertension, and male sex.
INTRODUCTION The need for factor concentrate (FC) prior to uncomplicated endoscopies in persons with hemophilia (PWH) is not well characterized. Infusion of FC is time consuming, costly, and increases risk of inhibitor development. There is no general consensus on management of PWH undergoing endoscopies and the incidence of bleeding is not well established. At our Hemophilia Treatment Center (HTC), our standard of care (SOC) for many years was to manage PWH with an infusion of FC prior to any endoscopy for any indication regardless of severity of hemophilia. In November 2017, we changed our SOC for persons with mild hemophilia (factor VIII or IX >5%) to use only antifibrinolytics pre-endoscopy for those in whom no procedural intervention was anticipated, followed by infusion of FC post-endoscopy if a biopsy or polypectomy was performed or if there was bleeding associated with the procedure. Persons with moderate or severe hemophilia (factor VIII or IX ≤5%) continued to receive infusion of FC prior to all endoscopies. We report our experience managing PWH of all severities undergoing EGD and colonoscopy between 2008 and 2019. We compare incidence of bleeding, cost of medical care, and outcomes before and after the change in SOC for persons with mild hemophilia. METHODS Subjects were identified from a database of patients treated at our HTC. Those with factor VIII inhibitors were excluded. Cost of FC and antifibrinolytics were determined from average wholesale pharmacy prices in 2019. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding was assessed by review of medical records within 30 days after endoscopy. Documentation of any patient or clinician reported hematemesis or rectal bleeding, requiring or not requiring medical attention or treatment, was recorded as GI bleeding. Adequacy of hemostasis, as assessed by review of medical records, was classified as poor if the subject had unexpected hypotension, required intensive or intermediate care, or transfusion; fair if unplanned doses of FC were required, but the event did not meet criteria for poor hemostasis; and excellent for events that did not meet any of the above criteria. RESULTS Sixty-seven subjects met eligibility criteria; 12 were excluded due to inadequate records of endoscopies. Data were collected on 110 endoscopies performed in 55 subjects, range 1 to 5 per subject. Subject demographics are noted in Table 1. Endoscopy characteristics and outcomes are shown in Table 2. GI bleeding occurred within 30 days after 10 endoscopies prior to the change in SOC. This included 7 endoscopies performed because of preexisting bleeding due to esophageal varices, or gastric, duodenal, or colonic ulcers. In addition, post endoscopy bleeding occurred in one patient after colonoscopy following the use of hot snare cautery resection of polyps, and in another after resection of a rectal polyp by cold snare following an EGD with colonoscopy. No GI bleeding occurred within 30 days of the endoscopies performed after we changed our SOC. FC was used prior to 97.1% of 68 endoscopies performed before we changed our SOC, compared to 73.8% of 42 endoscopies performed after. Hospital stay of 2 days was equivalent across all groups when subjects with preexisting bleeding were excluded. Hemostasis was excellent in 79.4% of endoscopies before we changed our SOC and 100% of endoscopies after. Endoscopy characteristics and outcomes in subjects with mild hemophilia before and after we changed our SOC are shown in Table 3. Reasons for using FC pre-endoscopy in these subjects included preexisting bleeding, planned intervention, or anticipated complex procedure. Treatment costs in subjects with mild hemophilia are noted in Table 4. CONCLUSION We describe our HTC's experience with endoscopies in PWH. In our cohort of persons with mild hemophilia, we demonstrate that the use of antifibrinolytics rather than FC pre-endoscopy did not result in any difference in adequacy of hemostasis or development of GI bleeding within 30 days post endoscopy. This practice was associated with significant cost-savings and no difference of hospitalization rate or length of stay. We conclude that persons with mild hemophilia, who are not actively bleeding or undergoing complex procedures, can be safely managed with antifibrinolytics alone pre-endoscopy. However, patient-specific and procedure-specific factors must be considered when determining the appropriate pre-endoscopy treatment for bleeding prophylaxis in PWH. Disclosures Eyster: Novo Nordisk: Research Funding; SPARK: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Baxalta/Shire: Research Funding.
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