Mortality for neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome supported with ECMO after stage 1 palliation is high. Longer ventilation before cannulation, longer support duration, and ECMO complications increased mortality.
Use of an integrated EAM/ICE system was no better than EAM alone in limiting radiation, but can be helpful for transseptal punctures. Given the low dose savings, use of ICE may be weighed against its financial cost. Low-fluoroscopy cases are performed in most NFI procedures.
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