Many studies of primate diversity and evolution rely on dental morphology for insight into diet, behavior, and phylogenetic relationships. Consequently, variation in molar cusp size has increasingly become a phenotype of interest. In 2007 we published a quantitative genetic analysis of mandibular molar cusp size variation in baboons. Those results provided more questions than answers, as the pattern of genetic integration did not fit predictions from odontogenesis. To follow up, we expanded our study to include data from the maxillary molar cusps. Here we report on these later analyses, as well as inter-arch comparisons with the mandibular data. We analyzed variation in two-dimensional maxillary molar cusp size using data collected from a captive pedigreed breeding colony of baboons, Papio hamadryas, housed at the Southwest National Primate Research Center. These analyses show that variation in maxillary molar cusp size is heritable and sexually dimorphic. We also estimated additive genetic correlations between cusps on the same crown, homologous cusps along the tooth row, and maxillary and mandibular cusps. The pattern for maxillary molars yields genetic correlations of one between the paracone-metacone and protocone-hypocone. Bivariate analyses of cuspal homologues on adjacent teeth yield correlations that are high or not significantly different from one. Between dental arcades, the non-occluding cusps consistently yield high genetic correlations, especially the metaconid-paracone and metaconid-metacone. This pattern of genetic correlation does not immediately accord with the pattern of development and/or calcification, however these results do follow predictions that can be made from the evolutionary history of the tribosphenic molar.

The importance of counseling and advising services for student athletes is explained.

Researchers applied a content analysis method to evaluate the 119 articles about college drinking that appeared in Journal of College Student Development and NASPA Journal during the past 30 years. The data revealed that a greater proportion of articles on college drinking appeared in the last decade (5.82%) than in the first decade (1.60%). Two thirds of the studies did not use a theoretical framework to guide the research. Of the 94 quantitative studies, only 10% were experimental, 60% used convenience samples, and 61% used locally developed survey instruments for a single institution. Seven recommendations about college drinking are identified for student affairs practitioners and scholars.

Historically, school counselors focused on the vocational development of students. As academic preparation and professional standards for school counselors increased, the school counselors' professional role changed. Presently, the role of the school counselor has evolved from basic administrative responsibility to applying a comprehensive guidance plan (Baker, 2001). This comprehensive guidance plan places many demands on school counselors that involve multiple counseling tasks with individuals and groups, as well as applying programming skills, dealing with various stakeholders, and utilizing expertise in school improvement and student achievement initiatives. Because of their unique role in school settings, school counselors are often challenged while attempting to meet these demands.

________________________________________________ he struggle for a sense of meaning and purpose in life is a basic human characteristic that has long been recorded by philosophers. It is not surprising that the recent Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) national freshman survey (CIRP, 2005) indicated that there is increasing evidence that millennial students appeal to a search for meaning while in college. The national CIRP survey reported that 67% of first-year college students consider it ''essential" or ''very important" that their colleges help develop their personal values. Forty-eight percent of respondents consider it ''essential" or ''very important" that their personal expression of spirituality is encouraged by colleges. Not neglecting this spiritual quest among college students is the central purpose of the book, Encouraging Authenticity and Spirituality in Higher Education, which is directed at those working in institutions of higher education.