The transition from water to steam power has long been an interesting issue in the history of technology. Newly created data for the 1871 manuscript census are used to examine features of the transition in Ontario. Industrial characteristics and geographical variations of each power source are discussed. Questions and implications for further research are explored in relation to contemporary work environments and power technology.
Nombreuses furent les municipalités qui, en Ontario, ont tenté, entre les années 1870 et les années 1920, d’influer sur la vitesse et la forme de la croissance urbaine en offrant des stimulants aux fabricants. La présente étude résume la législation ontarienne régissant ce type de stimulants. Elle définit les diverses formes d’aide que pouvaient fournir les conseils municipaux aux entreprises industrielles et les contraintes limitant les pouvoirs modifiés de temps à autre des municipalités. Le cadre législatif du système de primes sur lequel porte l’étude est divisé en quatre périodes : 1867-1892; 1892-1900; 1900-1924; après 1924; des extraits des lois sont présentés en annexe. L’auteur évoque certaines incidences du système de primes dont doit tenir compte l’étude de l’histoire urbaine.Many Ontario municipalities between the 1870s and the 1920s tried to influence the pace and form of urban growth by granting inducements to manufacturers. This research note offers a summary of the Ontario legislation relating to such inducements. It defines the forms of assistance municipal councils might grant to industrial enterprises and the restrictions on the powers of municipalities, as these were amended from time to time. The legislative framework of bonusing is considered in four periods: 1867-1892; 1892-1900; 1900-1924; after 1924; and excerpts from the legislation are presented in an appendix. Some implications of bonusing in the study of urban history are suggested
Is the growth of cities and towns determined by broad impersonal forces and situational factors? Or can growth be significantly influenced by the attitudes, perceptions and decisions of the citizens? General surveys of urbanization have leaned to the first interpretation, stressing macro-economic trends, political context and location with respect to resources, transportation and markets. Studies of individual cities tend to emphasize the particular actions of key local leaders and their unique circumstances, and may seem to disregard the comparable experience of other cities.
Entre 1840 et 1950, des board of trade ou des chambres de commerce se formèrent dans quelque 600 centres urbains au Canada. Plusieurs études ont déjà traité du rôle important joué par ces associations d’hommes d’affaires. Le présent article présente un résumé de la législation fédérale et des modèles relatifs à l’incorporation de ces associations à travers le Canada, en insistant sur l’importance des board of trade comme agents de développement urbain.Boards of trade or chambers of commerce were formed in over 600 Canadian communities between the 1840s and 1950. The key role of these associations of businessmen has been demonstrated or suggested in many studies of particular urban centres. This paper offers a more general overview, summarizing the federal legislation and the patterns of incorporation across Canada and outlining the significance of boards of trade as city-building agencies
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