The ca. 1.5-1.3 Ga Roper Group of the greater McArthur Basin is a component of one of the most extensive Precambrian hydrocarbon-bearing basins preserved in the geological record, recently assessed as containing 429 million barrels of oil and eight trillion cubic feet of gas (in place). It was deposited in an intra-cratonic sea, referred to here as the McArthur-Yanliao Gulf.The Velkerri Formation forms the major deep-water facies of the Roper Group. Trace metal redox proxies from this formation indicate that it was deposited in stratified waters, in which a shallow oxic layer overlay suboxic to anoxic waters. These deep waters became episodically euxinic during periods of high organic carbon export. The Velkerri Formation has organic carbon contents that reach ~10 wt%. Variations in organic carbon isotopes are consistent with organic carbon enrichment being associated with increases in primary productivity and export, rather than flooding surfaces or variations in mineralogy.Although deposition of the Velkerri Formation in an intracontinental setting has been well established, recent global reconstructions show a broader mid to low latitude gulf, with deposition of the Velkerri Formation being coeval with the widespread deposition of organicrich rocks across northern Australia and North China. The deposition of these organic-rich rocks may have been accompanied by significant oxygenation associated with such widespread organic carbon burial during the Mesoproterozoic.
The ca. 1.5–1.3 Ga Roper Group of the greater McArthur Basin is a component of one of the most extensive Precambrian hydrocarbon-bearing basins preserved in the geological record, recently assessed as containing 429 million barrels of oil and eight trillion cubic feet of gas (in place). It was deposited in an intra-cratonic sea, referred to here as the McArthur-Yanliao Gulf.The Velkerri Formation forms the major deep-water facies of the Roper Group. Trace metal redox proxies from this formation indicate that it was deposited in stratified waters, in which a shallow oxic layer overlay suboxic to anoxic waters. These deep waters became episodically euxinic during periods of high organic carbon export. The Velkerri Formation has organic carbon contents that reach ~10 wt%. Variations in organic carbon isotopes are consistent with organic carbon enrichment being associated with increases in primary productivity and export, rather than flooding surfaces or variations in mineralogy.Although deposition of the Velkerri Formation in an intracontinental setting has been well established, recent global reconstructions show a broader mid to low latitude gulf, with deposition of the Velkerri Formation being coeval with the widespread deposition of organic-rich rocks across northern Australia and North China. The deposition of these organic-rich rocks may have been accompanied by significant oxygenation associated with such widespread organic carbon burial during the Mesoproterozoic.
The successful fracture stimulation and production test of the Amungee NW-1H well placed the Velkerri Shale play and the Beetaloo Sub-basin on Australia’s energy radar. The Velkerri Shale dry gas play is currently Australia’s most promising shale gas prospect; however, it is not the only prospect in the Beetaloo Sub-basin. Four additional potential plays have been identified, each with their own specific risk profile and relative benefits. These are the Velkerri Shale liquids rich gas play, the Kyalla Shale and hybrid liquids rich gas plays, and the Hayfield Sandstone oil/condensate play. Appraising each of these opportunities requires special attention to ensure efficient and appropriate deployment of capital. A framework approach allows for the high-level assessment and comparison of each of the discussed opportunities within the Beetaloo Sub-basin portfolio.
Origin Energy completed exploration campaigns in 2015 and 2016 in the Beetaloo Sub-basin of the Greater McArthur Basin in the Northern Territory, drilling three vertical wells and one horizontal well. These wells have provided a wealth of technical data to assist in the characterisation of the primary source rock reservoirs or ‘shale gas’ plays in the Basin – the Velkerri Formation Play and the Kyalla Formation Play. In this paper we demonstrate the presence of thick, gas saturated and over-pressured source rocks across the sub-basin. In addition to the drilling campaign, the multi-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation of the Amungee NW-1H horizontal well was completed in 2016 – this operation was unique as it represents the first horizontal stimulation operation in the Beetaloo Sub-basin and the longest ‘plug and perf’ type horizontal completion in Australia. Data from the extended production test of the Amungee NW-1H are critical from a technical and, potentially, economic and political perspective.
In addition to the technical work program, Origin has undertaken preliminary environmental baseline studies and substantial stakeholder engagement. Ensuring environmental baseline data are available is key to demonstrating that onshore gas developments can be undertaken without adverse environmental outcomes, and also for gaining social acceptance. However, data and facts alone are not sufficient to build community confidence. Origin has engaged extensively with pastoralists, local communities and Traditional Owners to build direct relationships and partnerships that encourage acceptance of the gas industry’s ability to coexist and deliver mutual benefits to the businesses and communities of the Barkly region and the Northern Territory more broadly.
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