This article reviews controlled research on treatments for childhood externalizing behavior disorders. The review is organized around 2 subsets of such disorders: disruptive behavior disorders (i.e., conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The review was based on a literature review of nonresidential treatments for youths ages 6-12. The pool of studies for this age group was limited, but results suggest positive outcomes for a variety of interventions (particularly parent training and community-based interventions for disruptive behavior disorders and medication for ADHD). The review also highlights the need for additional research examining effectiveness of treatments for this age range and strategies to enhance the implementation of effective practices.
Through research, we continue to develop and refine an array of safe and efficacious interventions to prevent and treat drug abuse; however, these interventions have not led to widespread improvements in prevention and treatment services in nonresearch settings. In addition, investigator-initiated research rarely examine or refine interventions that practitioners have found relevant and that are widely practiced. To address these problems, the National Institute on Drug Abuse convened a blue ribbon task force to examine its health services research program. The report served as a catalyst for the institute to promote a vigorous program of research that seeks to examine prevention and treatment intervention delivery systems and policies that facilitate provision of effective care in a range of real world settings. Findings from this research should help address the translational bottleneck of bringing evidence-based interventions into the community.
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