This study was designed to examine the relationship between articulation disorders, soft neurological signs, and motor abilities. Fifteen children with articulation problems, as measured by the Templin-Darley Articulation Screening Test and a connected speech sample, were compared with a normal control group (matched for sex and age) on the Quick Neurological Screening Test, the Imitation of Postures test (from the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests), and the 1984 version of the Stott Test of Motor Impairment that has been revised by Henderson. A significant difference was found between the groups on the Motor Impairment Test and the Quick Neurological Screening Test, supporting the hypothesis that the articulation disorder children would have more motor coordination problems and soft neurological signs than the normal children in the control group. There was no between-group difference on the Imitation of Postures test, suggesting that as a group, children with articulation deficits are not dyspraxic. This study supports other research findings stating a relationship between articulation problems and motor impairment, but it also indicates that this motor impairment is not necessarily dyspraxia.
Background: Current medical therapies for endometriosis result in delayed conception and have not been shown to provide any fertile benefit subsequent to treatment. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) do not impede conception and have been shown to reduce endometriotic lesions in animal models; however, no studies have been performed in humans. The aim of this study was to provide preliminary data about the effectiveness of a TZD in treating endometriosis-related pain. Methods: Case series of women with endometriosis recruited from the University of Michigan as part of an open-label prospective phase 2a clinical trial. Participants were given rosiglitazone, 4 mg daily, for 6 months. Subjective endometriosis symptoms were assessed using a modified Biberoglu and Behrman symptom severity scale and the McGill pain questionnaire. Results: Two of the 3 patients exhibited improvement in severity of symptoms and pain levels with a concurrent decrease in pain medication, while 1 experienced no change. Rosiglitazone was well tolerated by all patients. Conclusions: Combined with data gathered from studies in rats and nonhuman primates, the results from this study offer positive justification for using TZDs as a well-tolerated treatment for endometriosis that can address pain without impeding ovulation and without the need for add-back therapy.
past year. In four cases bone-marrow suppression was limited to the myeloid compartment,'-4 whereas in the present case, as in the one reported by Gavras et al,5 the erythroid and megakaryocytic cell lines were all suppressed. In four cases, as in ours, the patients had renal insufficiency. Since captopril is eliminated by the kidney, toxic concentrations of the drug may have developed. Other drugs were given in three cases, including immunosuppressives in one, and one patient was suspected of having underlying blood dyscrasia,4 but our patient had no underlying disease and the combined antihypertensive drugs are not known to cause haematological toxicity. This report emphasises that caution should be used in all patients with renal failure and that frequent blood counts should be made in such patients during treatment with captopril.
The prolonged action of daily injections of beef ultralente insulin provides a source for the basal, steady state insulin supply which diabetics need in addition to their meal requirements. The complete distinction between basal and meal insulin requirements, provided by two or three injections of soluble insulin per day, allows simple rules to guide both the physician and patient. Thus, the required ultralente dose needs to be continued daily, irrespective of illness or missing meals, whereas the soluble insulin requirements are given according to meals. When starting ultralente insulin therapy a loading dose is required. The doses of ultralente and soluble insulin needed for different severities of diabetes and degrees of insulin resistance can be predicted. A simple regimen to cover the decreasing insulin requirements of newly presenting, ketotic juvenileonset diabetics has been developed. During surgical operations the continued basal insulin supply, from ultralente insulin, greatly facilitates diabetes control. Whilst many patients have improved nocturnal blood glucose control after transfer to ultralente insulin, optimal control of diabetes sometimes remains dimcult in view of the pre-breakfast plasma glucose rise and the longer action of subcutaneous soluble insulin than the physiological meal insulin response. Purified monocomponent beef ultralente insulin is antigenic, and human ultralente insulin might be advantageous. DISTINCTION OF MEAL AND BASAL INSULIN REQUIREMENTSWhen insulin therapy was first instituted, injections of short-acting, soluble insulin were given to cover meals. In the 1930's it became apparent that a background, basal insulin requirement was additionally needed, and this was particularly shown with insulin infusion studies in dogs (6). The first long-acting insulin preparation available was protamine zinc insulin, followed by the crystalline insulin zinc suspensions, e.g. lente, and isophane insulin. Whilst diabetics have often been treated by combinations of short-and medium-or long-acting insulins, specific administration of different insulins to provide completely separate basal and meal insulin requirements have not often been used. During the last 20 years, one of the most common regimes attempting to obtain optimal diabetic control has been twice daily soluble and isophane insulin injections, with the intention that the morning soluble and isophane injections covered breakfast and lunch respectively, and the evening injections covered the evening meal and night respectively (13). However, the evening isophane injection is of medium-action, and does not provide the required constant basal insulin delivery needed during the night (22).
The day-to-day variability of blood glucose concentrations in juvenile diabetes means that it is often more reasonable to aim to achieve a generally good pattern of blood glucose control, rather than regularly to assess the next insulin dose after each blood glucose measurement. This means that immediate assessment by the patient of his blood glucose concentrations is not always necessary. We have investigated control in 22 insulin-requiring diabetic patients by means of a monthly series of four blood samples taken during a day into collector bottles and transported to a laboratory for blood glucose assay. The overall means before breakfast, before lunch, before dinner, and before bed were 6.1, 5.8, 7.3, and 7.2 mmol/L, respectively. In many patients, sufficiently good control can be obtained by this method so that it is not necessary to ask them to measure their own blood glucose concentrations or to ask them to obtain the fairly expensive meters for reading glucose oxidase strips. Control would then probably be best assessed by a series of three daily profiles taken once per month, with, if necessary, the results being discussed with the patient. On the other hand, in more unstable diabetes, home assessment by patients of blood glucose measurements is indicated.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.