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This work examines the effect of gender stereotypes on the perception of language by drawing together findings from the fields of speech perception, gender studies, and social psychology. Results from two speech perception experiments are reviewed that show that listeners' stereotypes about gender, as activated by the faces and voices of speakers, alter the listeners' perception of the fricatives /s/ and /∫/ . One experiment employs auditory-only consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) tokens and the other employs audiovisual stimuli created from the same tokens synthesized with talking faces. This effect of stereotypes on low-level speech processing must be accounted for in models of perception, cognition, and the relationship between the physical and social environment.Much work on the sociology of language has demonstrated conclusively that perceived language variation triggers evaluative judgments about the speaker. Furthermore, the independence of these judgments from the percept of language variation is usually taken for granted. This article, however, discusses how evaluative judgments, or stereotypes, actually play a role in shaping the perception of language itself. As von Hippel, Sekaquaptewa, and Vargas (1995) note, Any evidence that perceptual processes influence and are influenced by stereotypes and prejudice would have profound implications. People view their senses as documentary devices that faithfully translate the environment into understandable and manageable units .

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An agarose plate method for detecting human alloantibodies (inhibitors) to coagulant factor IX has been developed. The assay is based on the ability of such antisera to inhibit the coagulation of a mixture of haemophilia B plasma, normal plasma and platelet subsitute in an agarose matrix. The agarose plate method was also adopted to measure levels of FIX antigen (IX:Ag) in plasma. Using this technique, 12 of 17 obligate carriers of haemophilia B demonstrated reduced levels of IX:Ag. Three of the five carriers with normal IX:Ag levels were members of kindred in which affected individuals had normal or near normal levels of IX:Ag.