The role of protein nutrition in the convalescence of surgical patients has been emphasized by many authors during the past 15 years, and much of this work has recently been ably reviewed by Lund (1). The observations of Cuthbertson (2), confirmed by Howard and his co-workers (3), that fractures of long bones resulted in a marked negative nitrogen balance which could not be overcome by substantial increases in the protein intake, raised certain questions regarding the possible effects on nitrogen requirements and nitrogen balance of extensive surgical operations. It seemed important to know how soon after operation a positive nitrogen balance could be re-established, and what levels of nitrogen and caloric intake would be required to accomplish this.Many of the previous concepts of the protein nutrition of surgical patients have been based on changes which were found in the serum protein concentration at different periods. It is generally acknowledged that the use of such data may lead to erroneous conclusions, but they have continued to be used by many investigators chiefly because of the difficulties in carrying out the more informing balance studies. In this project, additional technical aid made it possible for us to carry out both types of study. Our results indicate that the serum protein concentration may, at times, increase in spite of a negative nitrogen balance during the period of study.It has also been possible to compare the effectiveness of whole protein with various preparations
Highlights
NTRK
fusion-positive fibrosarcoma like tumour of the cervix in a paediatric patient.
Fertility sparing surgery achieved with the use of a neo-adjuvant TKi.
Identifying
NTRK
fusions may afford conservative treatment options in these tumours.
HighlightsRetroperitoneal pelvic desmoid tumours are rare with limited publications.A rare case of a retroperitoneal pelvic desmoid tumour is discussed.Excision was challenging requiring the sacrifice of some of the iliac vessels.No other case reports document a surgical excision requiring this.To date our patient suffers minimal morbidity and has had no recurrences.
Background
Low‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a unique entity with clinical and molecular characteristics distinct from high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). To date the majority of research has focused on the more common HGSOC, with treatment recommendations often extrapolated to LGSOC. Women with LGSOC are typically diagnosed younger and have indolent and relatively chemoresistant disease. Recently there have been major research advances in LGSOC.
Aims
This systematic review describes the epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics of LGSOC, with advances in research and novel treatment options also discussed.
Materials and Methods
A 10‐year comprehensive systematic review of peer‐reviewed literature was conducted, with a total of 132 abstracts read, 89 articles reviewed and 49 included in this review.
Results
This review highlights the clinical and molecular features of LGSOC, current and traditional treatment options and areas of current research into targeted agents.
Conclusions
Our growing knowledge about LGSOC as a distinct clinical and molecular entity from HGSOC has led to the investigation of more targeted and tailored therapies as their clinical course, optimal management and therapeutic targets differ. There is a need for ongoing collaborative research to provide better treatment options for these patients.
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