We evaluated the efficacy of four different methods for endophytic inoculation of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana in tomato plants. Fourteen days after inoculation, root dipping and leaf spraying allowed recovery of B. bassiana from leaves, while the fungus was recovered from roots in all inoculation methods, except soil drenching. Significant increases in mortalities of nymphs and adults of the greenhouse whitefly, 36 to 52%, were recorded on B. bassiana-endophyt plants. The total phenolic and protein contents of tomato plants were increased by endophyte colonization. Results of this study confirm the efficiency of foliar spraying of B. bassiana for colonization in tomato plants and its insecticidal activity against whitefly. The persistence of B. bassiana as endophyte was confirmed up to 56 days after inoculation. Given the insecticidal activity and beneficial effects of the endophyte on plant growth, B. bassiana could be considered as a suitable element in integrated pest management. Endofityczna kolonizacja pomidora przez Beauveria bassiana w celu zwalczania mączlika szklarniowego, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Słowa kluczowe kolonizacja; endofit; grzyb entomopatogenny; dolistny aerosol; mączlik Streszczenie Oceniliśmy skuteczność czterech różnych metod endofitycznej inokulacji entomopatogennego grzyba Beauveria bassiana do pomidorów. 14 dni po zaszczepieniu stwierdzono obecność B. bassiana w liściach w przypadku inokulacji poprzez zanurzanie korzeni i oprysk liści, natomiast obecność grzyba w korzeniach stwierdzono przy wszystkich metodach inokulacji, z wyjątkiem zwilżania gleby. Na pomidorach zainfekowanych B. bassiana odnotowano znaczny wzrost śmiertelności nimf i osobników dorosłych mączlika szklarniowego, wynoszący od 36 do 52%. Całkowita zawartość fenoli i białka w tkankach pomidora wzrosła w wyniku kolonizacji endofitów. Wyniki badań potwierdzają skuteczność oprysku dolistnego B. bassiana
Aphids can have devastating effects on agriculture and horticulture, and biological control agents form an important means of controlling them.Aphidius matricariaeHaliday is an important endoparasitoid for the suppression of aphid pest population outbreaks. In this research, the influence of three different temperatures, 20, 25 and 30°C, on some life cycle charactersitic ofA. matricariaewas studied under laboratory conditions when present on its host,Aphis fabaeScopoli. At 30°C, the intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate, finite rate of increase, mean generation time and increase rate in one week were all significantly lower compared to the lower temperatures. The results showed that temperature had a significant effect on the duration of parasitoid development from oviposition to adult emergence. Moreover, the value of doubling time was higher at 30°C than at 20 and 25°C. The parasitoid had the shortest longevity, life span and lowest fecundity at 30°C. This investigation of temperature-dependent development and reproduction can help in the management of biological control programs. The results of this study demonstrate thatA. matricariaeis able to perform, and be mass produced, as a favorable and proper natural enemy for the biocontrol ofA. fabaeat a temperature range of 20-25°C.
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