Osteolytic lesions are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Radionuclide bone scans with technetium-99m-labeled diphosphonates are often performed in the evaluation of both solitary and multiple osteolytic lesions. In this pictorial review, we critically evaluate the current role of bone scan in common osteolytic tumors including aneurysmal bone cyst, simple bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia, nonossifying fibroma, giant cell tumor, eosinophilic granuloma, enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, myeloma, and metastases. The merits and limitations of bone scanning are emphasized.

With technological advancement, battery-powered pocketsized ultrasound systems became commercially available in the late 1990s. These ultrasound devices are relatively inexpensive compared with full-sized systems. Moreover, they are much smaller and lighter, so they could be easily carried everywhere, thus rendering sonography readily available for bedside and acute care applications.Lower limb acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a significant medical condition that can potentially lead to lifethreatening pulmonary embolism. 1 Contrast X-ray venography is the traditional gold standard for diagnosing lower limb DVT, but these examinations are seldom performed today. [1][2][3][4] Sonography is now widely accepted as cost-effective and the preferred imaging modality for investigating acute DVT. 2-7 A meta-analysis found that sonography has a high sensitivity (range, 93.2%-95.0%; pooled sensitivity, 94.2%) and a high specificity (range, 93.1%-94.4%; pooled specificity, 93.8%) for diagnosing proximal lower limb DVT but a much lower sensitivity for distal lower limb DVT (range, 59.8%-67.0%; pooled sensitivity, 63.5%). 7 An early diagnosis of lower limb DVT is crucial for patient management. In this regard, a pocket-sized ultrasound system may serve as a readily available technology facilitating the delivery of a timely diagnostic imaging examination. Pocket-sized ultrasound systems have been evaluated in many studies for their applications in many fields such as cardiac, abdominal, obstetric, and gynecological imaging, but very few studies investigate their application for detecting venous thrombosis. [8][9][10][11][12][13] This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a pocket-sized ultrasound system in the diagnosis of acute DVT in the proximal lower limbs compared to a full-sized ultrasound system. 759914J DMXXX10.1177/8756479318759914Journal of Diagnostic Medical SonographyLau et al. research-article2018Abstract This study assessed the performance of a pocket-sized ultrasound system for the diagnosis of proximal lower limb acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) compared to a full-sized ultrasound system. Patients who needed urgent lower limb sonograms for acute DVT were invited for the study. In each examination, the investigator scanned the patient using the pocket-sized system and then repeated the scan using the full-sized system. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the pocket-sized system were determined in reference to the full-sized system. The venous segments that failed to be visualized using the two systems were compared. One hundred lower limbs comprising 500 venous segments were examined. There were four venous segments, including two mid and two lower femoral veins in two patients who failed to be visualized using both systems. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing proximal lower limb acute DVT were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 94.94%-100%), 100% (95% CI, 99.05%-100%), and 100% (95% CI, 99.19%-100%), respectively. The pocket-sized ultrasound system and the full sized-u...

Objective: To evaluate the association between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and prognostic factors of breast cancer. Methods: All patients with breast cancer who underwent breast magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent surgery in Kwong Wah Hospital from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The ADC values of the malignant lesions were recorded and compared with tumour size (≥2 cm, <2 cm), tumour grading (modified Bloom-Richardson-Elston grade 1, 2, 3), tumour aggressiveness (ductal in situ carcinoma and grade 1 invasive carcinomas, grade 2-3 invasive carcinomas), axillary lymph node status (positive, negative), oestrogen receptor expression (positive, negative), progesterone receptor expression (positive, negative), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 receptor status (positive, negative). Results: 100 patients with 102 lesions were included in this study, of which 88 were invasive carcinomas and 14 were ductal carcinoma in situ. There was a significant difference between mean ADC value and tumour grading (p < 0.001), with an inverse correlation (Kendall's tau-b =-0.339; p < 0.001). The association was independent of other prognostic factors, as shown by multiple linear regression. The mean ADC value of axillary lymph nodepositive breast cancers was significantly lower than that of axillary lymph node-negative cancers (p = 0.023), with a significant inverse correlation (r pb =-0.226; p=0.023), but the association was not independent of other prognostic factors. ADC value showed good predictive value in predicting tumour aggressiveness, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.717. Conclusion: Lower ADC values are well correlated with higher histological grade; therefore, ADC can be considered as a promising prognostic parameter for the evaluation of invasive breast cancer.