Introduction. Screening tests are a key step in the diagnosis of dementia and should therefore be highly sensitive to the detection of mild neurocognitive disorders (NCD). The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) is the most commonly used screening method. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a newer and less well-known screening tool, which has none of the limitations of the MMSE. Aim. The aim of this study was to analyse the reliability of the Polish versions of MoCA 7.2 vs MMSE in the detection of mild NCD among people aged over 60. Material and methods. The study was carried out at the Department and Clinic of Geriatrics from September 2014 to March 2017. The study included 281 participants, 91 of whom were assigned to the group without NCD. The other 190 had been diagnosed with mild NCD.Results. In the analysis of the ROC curve of the MoCA 7.2 results, the AUC was 0.925 (p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off point for mild NCD was 23/24 points, with sensitivity and specificity of 83.2% and 79.1%. In the ROC curve of MMSE results, the AUC was 0.847 (p < 0.001). The optimal cut-off point for mild NCD was 27/28 points, with sensitivity and specificity of 75.8% and 66.7%. The difference between AUC MoCA 7.2 and MMSE was 0.078 (p = 0.036).Conclusions. MoCA 7.2 detects mild NCD with more sensitivity than MMSE. We recommend using the cut-off point for MoCA of 23/24 points, because this is characterised by a higher sensitivity than the previously recommended cut-off point of 25/26 points. For the MMSE, the recommended cut-off point should be 27/28, which gives greater diagnostic accuracy than the previously recommended 25/26 points.
Introduction. Due to the still difficult and worsening epidemic situation in Poland, related to the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), it turned out to be necessary to develop, prepare and conduct additional training on the work of medical personnel during the pandemic. Preventive vaccinations and their skilful implementation play a very important role.Aim. The aim of the systematic review is to present the general principles, procedures and competences of nurses in the pandemic era, this work can be used to conduct a comparative meta-analysis.Disscusion. The vaccine protects against the symptoms of COVID-19, which has been proven in clinical trials. For both the Comirnaty vaccine and the Moderna vaccine, the European Medicines Agency website states that the effect of vaccination on the transmission of the virus is unknown and whether vaccinated people can transmit SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trials are scheduled for 2 years and, as part of conditional approval, companies will complete the data after subsequent periodic evaluations.Conclusion. Over 1.5 million people worldwide have died since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic. Each vaccinated person is potentially from a few to a dozen or so people protected against infection. Already 50% of the vaccinated population will significantly reduce the risk of spreading the coronavirus in it. Vaccines are the most effective method of protection against infection with various diseases. Humanity has been successfully using this achievement of civilization for several hundred years.
Purpose: The purpose of the following systematic review is to present polish regulations in terms of education, acquiring competencies in the field of prescribing drugs and medical devices. Methodology: The following review can be helpful to conduct comparative meta-analyses. Internet System of Legal Acts, PubMed, Google Scholar research was used to analyze the topic. The selected keywords were used to find information sources: law, competence, nurse, prescribing, medication, medical devices. Articles were selected according to regulations in Poland in terms of education, acquiring competencies in the field of prescribing drugs and medical devices. Main findings: The increase in nurses' competencies is equivalent to a greater need for knowledge and new knowledge acquired. Nurses take part not only in care and treatment, but also takes independent actions. In such enormous responsibilities, it is crucial to focus on the development of skills. Thus, a competent nurse is interested in continuous professional and personal growth and provides patients with high-quality nursing trustees. Implications of this study: The results should be considered in health care units, especially Primary Healthcare Units. The paper indicates the regulations in terms of education, acquiring competencies in the field of prescribing drugs which should be revised by personnel and implemented to improve the work of the healthcare unit. Novelty in this study: There is a lack of systematic reviews of the regulations in Poland in terms of education, acquiring competencies in the field of prescribing drugs and medical devices. The paper is an attempt to assess the topic.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.