Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex. Mart. (Arecaceae) is a neotropical oil palm of widespread occurrence in the American continent and with great economic potential for the energy and food sectors. Genetic breeding studies for the species are very recent, with a need for basic knowledge from the genetic diversity in agronomic traits. Thus, the aim of this work was to estimate genetic variance, heritability, and genetic gain as well as to propose strategies of selection. Two-year evaluations of eight agromorphological characteristics were carried out in two experimental fields composed of 50 open-pollinated progenies. The results revealed moderate heritability for progeny average to thorn density in the abaxial side (ℎ " #$ % = 0.402 in Pindorama) and relative chlorophyll index (ℎ " #$ % = 0.458 in Presidente Prudente). The selective accuracy was 0.634 and 0.677 for the same traits, respectively. In the combined analysis, the higher values of heritability were obtained to thorn density on the abaxial region of leaves and relative chlorophyll index (0.616 and 0.666, respectively).Moderate to high magnitude values of genetic gain was reached for traits with greatest agronomic interest, as plant height G s (%) = 19.64, number of leaves G s (%) = 26.43, stipe diameter at breast height G s (%) = 12.51, and relative chlorophyll index G s (%) = 38.12. In conclusion, the results indicate considerable genetic variability for the evaluated traits and suggest that their most effective use for the purpose of genetic gains would be based on the combined selection between and within progenies.
RESUMOO milho (Zea mays L.) é uma das principais espécies agrícolas cultivadas no mundo, sendo que a sua produção pode ser encontrada em regiões com condições de solo e clima muito contrastantes. Este fato é determinante para que exista um estímulo para estabelecimento de um programa de melhoramento genético. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivos a produção de uma variedade sintética de milho a partir do intercruzamento de cultivares comerciais disponíveis no mercado, bem como a avaliação do seu desempenho agronômico, observado durante o processo de seleção recorrente fenotípica. Foi observado que a população selecionada apresenta uma grande homogeneidade, visando a criação de uma população uniforme exigida para o registro da cultivar. A avaliação do desempenho agronômico dos genótipos contribuiu para a geração de conhecimento básico necessário ao processo desenvolvimento desta nova variedade. Palavras-chave: milho, variedade sintética, melhoramento genético, seleção recorrente fenotípica, Zea mays L.
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