Parathyroid hormone (PTH) affects the skeleton by acting on osteocytes (Ots) in bone through yet unclear mechanisms. We report that matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) expression/activity are increased in bones from mice with genetic constitutive activation (ca) of the PTH receptor 1 (PTH1R) in Ots (caPTH1R) and in bones from mice exposed to elevated PTH levels but not in mice lacking [conditional knockout (cKO)] the PTH1R in Ots (cKOPTH1R). Furthermore, PTH upregulates MMP14 in human bone cultures and in Ot-enriched bones from floxed control mice but not from cKOPTH1R mice. MMP14 activity increases soluble receptor activator of NF-κΒ ligand production, which in turn, stimulates osteoclast differentiation and resorption. Pharmacologic inhibition of MMP14 activity reduced the high bone remodeling exhibited by caPTH1R mice or induced by chronic PTH elevation and decreased bone resorption but allowed full stimulation of bone formation induced by PTH injections, thereby potentiating bone gain. Thus, MMP14 is a new member of the intricate gene network activated in Ots by PTH1R signaling that can be targeted to adjust the skeletal responses to PTH in favor of bone preservation.-Delgado-Calle, J., Hancock, B., Likine, E. F., Sato, A. Y., McAndrews, K., Sanudo, C., Bruzzaniti, A., Riancho, J. A., Tonra, J. R., Bellido, T. MMP14 is a novel target of PTH signaling in osteocytes that controls resorption by regulating soluble RANKL production.
In academia, authorship is considered a currency, and is important for career advancement. As the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (JBMR®) is the highest-ranked journal in the field of bone, muscle, and mineral metabolism, and is the official publication of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, we sought to examine authorship changes over JBMR®’s 30-year history. Two bibliometric methods were used to collect the data. The “decade method” included all published manuscripts throughout one year in each decade over the past 30 years starting with the inaugural year, yielding 746 manuscripts for analysis. The “random method” examined 10% of published manuscripts from each of the 30 years, yielding 652 manuscripts for analysis. Using both methods, the average number of authors per manuscript, numerical location of the corresponding author, number of collaborating institutions, number of collaborating countries, number of printed manuscript pages, and the number of times each manuscript was cited all significantly increased between 1986 and 2015 (p < 10−4). Using the decade method, there was a significant increase in the percentage of female first authors over time from 35.8% in 1986 to 47.7% in 2015 (p = 0.02) and this trend was confirmed using the random method. The highest percentage of female first authors in 2015 was in Europe (60.0%), and Europe also had the most dramatic increase in female first authors over time (more than double in 2015 compared with 1986). However, the overall number of female corresponding authors did not significantly change during the past 30 years. With the increasing demands of publishing in academic medicine, understanding changes in publishing characteristics over time and by geographical region is important. These findings highlight JBMR®’s authorship trends over the past 30 years, demonstrate those countries having the most changes, and where challenges still exist.
Understanding changes in publishing characteristics over time and by region is critical with the rising demands of publishing in academic medicine. JOT and Injury have showed an increase in most variables analyzed. However, female authorship in JOT is climbing at a higher rate than Injury.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of translation on a large series of low-energy proximal humerus fractures initially treated nonoperatively.Design: Retrospective multicenter analysis.Setting: Five level-one trauma centers. Patients/Participants:Two hundred ten patients (152 F; 58 M), average age 64, with 112 left-and 98 right-sided low-energy proximal humerus fractures (OTA/AO 11-A-C).Intervention: All patients were initially treated nonoperatively and were followed for an average of 231 days. Radiographic translation in the sagittal and coronal planes was measured. Patients with anterior translation were compared with those with posterior or no translation. Patients with $80% anterior humeral translation were compared with those with ,80% anterior translation, including those with no or posterior translation.Main Outcomes: The primary outcome was failure of nonoperative treatment resulting in surgery and the secondary outcome was symptomatic malunion.Results: Nine patients (4%) had surgery, 8 for nonunion and 1 for malunion. All 9 patients (100%) had anterior translation. Anterior translation compared with posterior or no sagittal plane translation was associated with failure of nonoperative management requiring surgery (P = 0.012). In addition, of those with anterior translation, having $80% anterior translation compared with ,80% was also associated with surgery (P = 0.001). Finally, 26 patients were diagnosed with symptomatic malunion, of whom translation was anterior in 24 and posterior in 2 (P = 0.0001). Conclusions:In a multicenter series of proximal humerus fractures, anterior translation of .80% was associated with failure of nonoperative care resulting in nonunion, symptomatic malunion, and potential surgery.
Rifampin is a powerful antibiotic used in the treatment of biofilm-forming bacteria with studies supporting its use in PMMA cement. However, it has not been widely accepted for its use in PMMA cement due to a perception that it is unable to solidify in a timely manner. The technique described consists of ratio of aminoglycoside and rifampin that reduces time to solidification to approximately 15-20 min.
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