Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a foremost global health problem. In the context of Nepal, the prevalence of HBV infection is found to be low, 0.9% (1.1% in males and 0.5% in females), though a high prevalence of ≥8% is shown among the population in the mountainous region by several studies. The epidemiology of HBV infection in the population of Jumla is not well-known. This study aimed to find out the seroprevalence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in patients visiting Karnali Academy of Health Sciences Teaching Hospital (KAHS-TH), Jumla, Nepal. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in people visiting KAHS-TH, Jumla for testing HBsAg from 1st April 2018 to 31st March 2019. The samples collected were tested for HBsAg by using the Rapid HBsAg test kit. All positive cases were further tested by the Chemiluminescence (CLIA) method for HBsAg. The data entry was done in Microsoft Excel. After transferring the data into SPSS version 16, data analysis was done.Results: In this study, 1704 individuals were screened during the period. Overall 53 (3.11%) were HBsAg positive. Among the total of 506 males and 1198 females, 22 (4.34%) males and 31 (2.58%) females were positive for HBsAg. The highest prevalence (8.1%) was observed in the age group of 40– 45 years. But the prevalence rate is zero in 0-5 years age group and above 65 years of age. Conclusion: The HBV infection was higher in Jumla as compared to that of the overall prevalence of Nepal. Males were highly infected than females and the middle age group was at the high-risk of HBV infection.

13th International Congress on Infectious Diseases Abstracts, Poster Presentations e221 were as follows: In acute form of the disease: 1.15, subacute:1.12, chronic: 1.32, and recovered: 1.34, showing no significant differences.The similar results of our study obtained in Ahvaz (Iran), and in Turkey. In another research in (Tehran), the decrease of CD4 lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio revealed significant differences.Our results indicate that brucellosis causes some change in the CD4 and CD8 blood T lymphocytes that remain a long time after recovery.

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INTRODUCTION: The ABO and Rhesus-D blood group systems are important and widely used in humans for transfusion of blood and blood components for various medical conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of ABO and Rhesus D blood groups among blood donors at Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital, Jumla, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2019 to January 2022, a retrospective cross-sectional study among 800 blood donors was conducted using medical records from blood donors who donated blood in a Teaching Hospital of Jumla, Nepal. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze thedata, and the results were presented as frequency and percentage. RESULTS: The most common blood group was ‘A’ (30.6%) and the least common was ‘AB’ (14.5%) with a majority of male blood donors (84.6%). Only 2.2% of blood donors was Rhesus-negative, while 97.7% were Rhesus-positive. Considering ABO and Rhesus blood groups altogether, blood group ‘A’ Rhesuspositive (30.1%) was the most common and blood group ‘AB’ Rhesus-negative (0.1%) was the least common. CONCLUSIONS: Blood group ‘A’ was the most common, followed by blood groups ‘B’, ‘O’, and ‘AB’. The majority of the blood donors were Rhesus-positive, with blood group ‘AB’ Rhesus-negative being the most uncommon. This information would be helpful to the hospital’s blood bank in this rural hilly region, particularly in the hospital’s planning for blood transfusion services.