The FPT and P300 are efficient instruments used to assess the intended skills.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in adolescents from the city of Recife in Pernambuco state. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, involving a random sample of 256 adolescents of both genders, aged 13 to 18, whose hemoglobin concentrations were evaluated, along with their nutritional status and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The prevalence of inadequate hemoglobin concentrations was 10.2% [CI95%=6.7-14.5], reaching levels considered as mild anemia (9 g/dL <hemoglobin <12 g/dL). Female students had lower mean hemoglobin concentrations in all age groups (p<0.001). No association was observed between hemoglobin concentrations and nutritional status (p>0.05), nor with socioeconomic or demographic characteristics (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of anemia was low and classified as a mild health problem, preventive nutrition education involving the dissemination of healthy eating habits in schools and encouraging the consumption of iron-rich foods are strongly recommended.
Introdução:As displasias da laringe são precursoras do carcinoma escamocelular invasivo e constituem lesões pouco comuns, pois a maior parte dos casos é detectada como carcinoma invasor. Objetivo: Caracterizar as displasias acentuadas/carcinoma in situ da prega vocal quanto a área do epitélio, diâmetro dos núcleos e índice proliferativo, comparando esses dados com os obtidos no epitélio escamoso normal e de transição. Material e método: Entre as 1.400 biópsias e peças cirúrgicas de lesões intraepiteliais e carcinomas invasivos de laringe (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006), foram selecionados cinco casos (0,35%) pareados com dois controles de epitélio normal e com a idade; todos foram submetidos a análise morfométrica e imuno--histoquímica (Ki-67). Resultados: Comparando-se o epitélio displásico com o normal e de transição observou-se maior área e diâmetro nuclear no epitélio displásico; não houve diferenças significativas no diâmetro dos núcleos por camada entre o epitélio displásico e de transição; e o índice proliferativo foi maior no epitélio displásico com núcleos corados em todas camadas e menor com núcleos limitados a camada basal e parabasal no epitélio normal e de transição. Conclusão: verifica-se maior área no epitélio displásico. O diâmetro dos núcleos do epitélio displásico e do de transição são semelhantes, mas este apresenta núcleos uniformes em toda extensão em contraste com o pleomorfismo do epitélio displásico. O índice proliferativo (Ki-67) contribui para o diagnóstico diferencial das lesões escamosas da prega vocal, pois no carcinoma in situ/displasia acentuada observa-se maior número de núcleos marcados, os quais são vistos em todas as camadas no epitélio. resumo unitermos Laringe Carcinoma in situ Prega vocal Antígeno Ki-67abstract Introduction: Laryngeal dysplasias, precursors of squamous cell carcinomas, are uncommon lesions, inasmuch as most cases are diagnosed as invasive carcinomas. Objective: To characterize severe dysplasia/in situ carcinoma of the vocal cords by comparing the area of involved epithelium, nuclear diameter, and proliferative index with transition and normal squamous epithelia. Material and method: Among 1,400 surgical and biopsy specimens of laryngeal lesions (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006), five cases (0.35%) were selected and compared according to age with two controls with normal epithelium. Furthermore, all of them were identified and submitted to morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis . Results: After comparing dysplastic with transition and normal squamous epithelia, it was observed an increased nuclear diameter in dysplastic epithelium. Additionally, there was no significant difference in nuclear diameter per layer between dysplastic and transition epithelia. Moreover, the proliferative index was higher in dysplastic epithelium with stained nuclei in all layers and lower in normal and transition epithelia with nuclei concentrated on the basal and parabasal layers. Con...
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