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The article aims to investigate, under the aspect of translation, the process of legal appropriation and reproduction of international law during the course of the 19 th century. An occidental understanding of translation played an important role in the so-called process of universalization in the 19 th century, as it made the complexity of global circulation of ideas invisible. Approaches proposed by scholars of Postcolonial, Cultural and Translation Studies are useful for re-reading histories of the circulation of European ideas, particularly the international law doctrines, from a different perspective. The great strides made in Translation and Cultural Studies in the last decades, as well as the discernment practiced in the scholarship of Postcolonial Studies, are important for a broader and more differentiated understanding of the processes of appropriation and reproduction of the doctrines of international law during the 19 th century. The present article begins by tracing the connection between translation and universalization of concepts in 19 th century international law; after a short excursus on the Western idea of translation, the attention is focused on the translation of international law textbooks. The conclusive section is dedicated to a comparison between Emer de Vattel's Droit des gens and Andrés Bello's Principios de Derecho de Jentes.

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with the University of Zurich, which brought together a group of Italian scholars as part of the international research programme 'Natural Law 1625-1850: An International Project' (coordinated by Frank Grunert, Knud Haakonssen and Louis Pahlow). Merio Scattola joint the project, contributing Italian perspectives on its work, until his premature and unexpected death in 2015. With our seminars and the present volume, we are honoured to continue his legacy.The multiplicity of modern variants of natural law has merged into the numerous research itineraries contained in the chapters of this book. These essays, in addition to providing various themes and perspectives for future scientific research, are the result of the collective effort made by all the colleagues who enthusiastically joined the project: we would like to thank them most warmly, not least for their attention and patience, especially during the period marked by the Covid-19 pandemic and its restrictions.We would also like to thank

What are the origins of direct democracy in Switzerland? How does the Swiss judiciary function? What are the principles of Swiss civil, contract and administrative law? What is the role of public service broadcasting in the political decision-making process? What are the leading cases in tax law? What forms of euthanasia are legal in Switzerland? In this introduction 19 legal scholars of the University of Zurich Law Faculty try to answer these questions and give the reader an overview of Swiss public, private, and criminal law. As the first comprehensive introduction to Swiss law in English, it is addressed to both lawyers from abroad and incoming students to the University of Zurich.

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The aim of this article is to reconstruct, from a legal historical point of view, the complexity and the meaning of international law in the Italian peninsula during the 19th century. The paper will analyse different entanglements that constituted the core of nineteenth-century Italian international legal discourse. It is structured in four sections, dealing respectively with : 1) the principle of nationality elaborated by Pasquale Stanislao Mancini and its repercussion both on private and public international law ; 2) the return to the historical origins of Italian international law and the role played by comparative constitutional law ; 3) the implementation and translation of particular legal genres, such as the attempts to codify international law ; 4) colonial education, including legal education, through the creation of the Scuola diplomatico-coloniale (colonial and diplomatic school). L’objectif de cet article est de reconstruire, d’un point de vue historico-juridique, la complexité et la signification du droit international dans la péninsule italienne au cours du xixe siècle. L’article analysera les différents enchevêtrements qui constituaient le cœur du discours juridique international italien du xixe siècle et il est structuré en quatre sections, traitant respectivement de : 1) la déclinaison du principe de la nationalité élaboré par Pasquale Stanislao Mancini, et sa répercussion sur le droit international privé et public ; 2) le retour aux origines historiques du droit international italien et le rôle joué par le droit constitutionnel comparé ; 3) la mise en œuvre et la traduction de genres juridiques particuliers, comme la codification internationale ; 4) l’éducation coloniale, y compris l’éducation juridique, par la création de la Scuola diplomatico-coloniale (école coloniale et diplomatique).

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