Soybean is widely used in the food industry because of its high fatty acid and protein content. However, the increased use of pesticides to control pests during cultivation, in addition to being a public health concern, may influence the nutritional quality of soybeans. This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of soybeans with respect to fatty acid profile and pesticide residue contamination. The levels of fatty acids and pesticides in soybean varieties G196 and G197 were determined by gas chromatography and by the QuEChERS method, respectively. The results showed a significant variation in the quantitative and qualitative fatty acid composition of the two varieties, with 18.03 g/100 g and 4 fatty acids detected for the G196 variety and 21.35 g/100 g and 7 fatty acids for the G197 variety, respectively. In addition, 12 active pesticide compounds were found, and among them, imazalil, quintozene, cyfluthrin and lindane exceeded their maximum limits. The G197 variety had a better nutritional profile compared to G196. The profile of fatty acids and the content of pesticide residues were used as important determinants for soybean utilization in human nutrition.
Soybeans (Glycine max) are one of the most widely grown oilseeds in the world. Soybeans are processed into several products. However, during these transformation processes, the nutritional value of the beans can be greatly affected. Therefore, it was important to find optimal conditions under which soybeans can be processed while retaining their nutritional value. The objective of the study was therefore to improve the nutritional composition of soybeans while optimizing the different processing techniques. Thus, untreated (EN), dehulled (ED), sprouted (EG), roasted (ETO,) and distilled water soaked (ET) soybeans were used to determine the proximate, bioactive and anti-nutritional composition. Sprouted (EG) and dehulled (ED) beans were subjected to temperature and time factors respectively to determine the action of these factors on the nutritional composition of soybeans. The results show that the different types of samples are rich in protein (37.98±2.75 g/100g DM), fat (20.02±1.87 g/100g DM), potassium (1838.68±2.75 mg/100g DM), and magnesium (276.45±8.47 g/100g). Sprouted seeds (ED) and hulled seeds (ED) showed the best nutritional potential. The effect of soaking temperature on shelled seeds and the monitoring of germination at 24h, 48h, and 72h allowed for optimizing the nutritional properties of soybeans. Thus, the samples germinated at 24 h showed the highest energy value while the seeds germinated at 72 h are more suitable in terms of functional foods and the hulled soybeans soaked at 40°C have a high food potential. These data are very important in food industries and for possible formulations.
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