Creative thinking and empathy are crucial for everyday interactions and subjective well-being. This is emphasized by studies showing a reduction in these skills in populations where social interaction and subjective well-being are significantly compromised (e.g., depression). Anecdotal reports and recent studies suggest that a single administration of psilocybin can enhance such processes and could therefore be a potential treatment. However, it has yet to be assessed whether effects outlast acute intoxication. The present study aimed to assess the sub-acute effects of psilocybin on creative thinking, empathy, and well-being. Participants attending a psilocybin retreat completed tests of creative (convergent and divergent) thinking and empathy, and the satisfaction with life scale on three occasions: before ingesting psilocybin (N = 55), the morning after (N = 50), and seven days after (N = 22). Results indicated that psilocybin enhanced divergent thinking and emotional empathy the morning after use. Enhancements in convergent thinking, valence-specific emotional empathy, and well-being persisted seven days after use. Subacute changes in empathy correlated with changes in well-being. The study demonstrates that a single administration of psilocybin in a social setting may be associated with sub-acute enhancement of creative thinking, empathy, and subjective well-being. Future research should test whether these effects contribute to the therapeutic effects in clinical populations.
The enantioselective synthesis of (-)-9,10-dihydroecklonialactone B is described. The catalytic asymmetric Claisen rearrangement of a Gosteli-type allyl vinyl ether was utilized to afford an acyclic α-keto ester building block endowed with functionality amenable to the preparation of the carbocyclic target molecule by suitable postrearrangement transformations: A highly diastereoselective Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction of a β-chiral α-keto ester and a reductive homologation of an α-hydroxy ester. A transprotection tactic by a chemoselective intramolecular 6-exo-trig iodoetherification enabled regioselective ring-closing alkene metatheses to afford the 5- as well as the 14-membered ring, however, with mixed success in terms of E/Z selectivity.
The total synthesis of (-)-ecklonialactone B as well as the 9,10-dihydro derivative by two different strategies is reported. The catalytic asymmetric Claisen rearrangement of Gosteli-type allyl vinyl ethers delivered elaborated α-keto ester building blocks. Ring-closing metatheses, including a notable diastereotopos-differentiating variant, a B-alkyl Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and a regio- and diastereoselective last-step epoxidation are key contributors.
Six collected phenidates, i.e. 4-methylmethylphenidate, 3,4-dichloromethylphenidate, ethylphenidate, 3,4-dichloroethylphenidate, ethylnaphthidate and N-benzyl-ethylphenidate were fully characterized by means of X-ray, NMR, GC-MS, ESI-MS Running title: Analytical characterization of six phenidate analogs
Catalytic Asymmetric Claisen Rearrangement of Gosteli-Type Allyl Vinyl Ethers: Total Synthesis of (-)-9,10-Dihydroecklonialactone B. -(BECKER, J.; BUTT, L.; VON KIEDROWSKI, V.; MISCHLER, E.; QUENTIN, F.; HIERSEMANN*, M.; J. Org. Chem. 79 (2014) 7, 3040-3051, http://dx.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.