This paper presents an analysis of the processes of classification and racial-ethnic categorization of Belize's population during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, based on population censuses and government reports. We are not too interested in figures as such but in the categories of counting and their evolution, as indicators of the political logic of building a colonial and later a national society. While the censuses for the XIX century relate to different forms of population management (transition from slavery to freedom, affirmation or denial of ethnic and racial diversity), the administrative reports paint a static and stereotyped demographic-territorial model as a tool of the political project. For the twentieth century, we analyze the difficult road to independence and the changes introduced by the new Belizean state (categories, methods, actors) in the process of creating a "national identity".
L'anthropologie reflète la dynamique planétaire de construction de l'altérité et d'assignation de places dans l'ordre mondial identitaire ; or ce rapport d'altérité est également présent dans le champ anthropologique lui-même. Discipline fondée sur l'étude de la différence, elle a pourtant du mal à la prendre en compte en son propre sein. Car la différence n'est pas seulement un objet d'étude : elle structure le champ anthropologique dans ses orientations épistémologiques, ses modes d'institutionnalisation, dans le contenu et les supports de ses publications et autres canaux de recherche (appels d'offre, allocations de postes, créations de formations universitaires et post-universitaires, etc.). Dans ce numéro du Journal des anthropologues nous proposons de restituer cette multiplicité de points de vue telle qu'elle s'exprime dans divers contextes sociopolitiques et intellectuels. En ce sens, plutôt que de reproduire une logique d'altérisation-non plus de nos objets mais de l'anthropologie-, nous tentons le pari d'une réflexion multilocalisée sur les représentations et les pratiques de l'anthropologie, en prenant comme point d'ancrage initial l'Amérique latine. 2 Quelques moments dans l'histoire de la réflexion épistémologique de notre discipline ont été particulièrement riches et incisifs en ce qui concerne l'analyse de l'autre, les formes dans lesquelles l'anthropologie a pensé le rapport à la différence qu'elle-même produisait. Nous allons rappeler ici (trop) brièvement certains de ces apports pour présenter ensuite les contributions recueillies dans ce numéro et leur positionnement dans cette cartographie des altérités.
ResumoNeste texto, o propósito é discutir os processos de identificação socioespacial por meio do estudo da qualificação étnico-racial diferencial dos espaços e dos habitantes da cidade de Cartagena, na Colôm-bia. Consiste na análise dos mecanismos de produção recíproca dos territórios e das identidades, reveladores das formas de relação com o outro e portadores das aspirações à cidadania e à citadinidade. São abordados três casos particulares: a significação da imagem de "cidade mestiça" tradicionalmente atribuída a Cartagena; as múltiplas interpretações referentes à erradicação, no início da década de 1970, do bairro Chambacú, situado na entrada da cidade histórica e turística; os modos de apropriação territorial pelos habitantes que fazem valer suas origens étnicas, no contexto de afirmação do multiculturalismo dos anos 1990.Palavras-chave: territórios urbanos, identidades urbanas, alteridade, pertencimento racial, cidadania; citadinidade; territorizalização; processos de identificação situacionais e interacionais. Abstract Territorial and ethnic identification in Cartagena (Colombia)The main purpose of this article is to discuss the social-spatial processes of identification through the study of different ethnic-racial qualification of spaces and inhabitants of the city of Cartagena, Colombia. It consists on the analysis of the reciprocal reproduction mechanisms of the territories and the identities, revealing forms of relation with the other one and carriers of the citizenship aspirations and belonging to the city. Three particular cases are discussed: the Estudos Afro-Asiáticos, Ano 25, n o 1, 2003, pp. 123-143 significance of the "mestizo cross-bred city" image, traditionally attributed to Cartagena; the multiple interpretations referring to eradication, in the beginning of the 1970's decade, of the neighborhood of Chambacú, situated on the entrance of the tourist and historic city; and the ways of the territorial appropriation by inhabitants that make the most of their ethnic identity in the context of the multiculturalism affirmations during the 1990s.
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