BoNTA(2) has a greater area of diffusion in the forehead than BoNTA(1), even with identical injection volumes. This may hinder accurate localization of clinical effect, thereby increasing the potential for adverse effects.

Interpersonal differences in facial animation are observed. Classifying glabellar wrinkles allows accurate treatment with botulinum toxin, injecting the most commonly recruited muscles with higher doses or into more sites. Muscles not so recruited are spared or injected with lower doses for more-effective and -natural results. Although botulinum toxin blockade causes recruitment of adjacent muscles, the initial muscle contraction pattern is resumed when the effect wanes.

Lupus erythematosus, especially the discoid form, and lichen planopilaris may be associated and can occur in different topographies (coexistence) or in the same lesion (lupus eythematosus/lichen planus overlap syndrome). Frontal fibrosing alopecia is considered a variant form of lichen planopilaris and is characterized by frontotemporal hairline and eyebrow involvement. Of the association with lupus erythematosus we have only a few descriptions. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine diphosphate are antimalarial drugs described as viable treatment options for both diseases, due to an antilymphocytic effect. The association between frontal fibrosing alopecia and lupus erythematosus (discoid or systemic) is reported in this article, showing a progressive alopecia in the frontotemporal hairline despite treatment with hydroxychloroquine.

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Dedicatória DedicatóriaAo meu marido, Telmo, pelo seu enorme amor e dedicação a mim, pelo incentivo e apoio incondicional a todos os meus sonhos e pela satisfação com conquistas minhas mais do que com as próprias.Aos meus filhos, Gustavo e Giulia, pelo carinho, incentivo e compreensão pelas frequêntes ausências.À minha mãe, Lourdes, por ter me ensinado a prezar a busca pelo conhecimento e por sua dedicação, estímulo e presença, com seu amor incondicional, em todos os momentos da minha vida.Ao meu pai, Jarbas, pelos bons momentos que convivemos.Ao meu irmão, Jarbas Eduardo, antes de tudo um amigo, grande incentivador do meu crescimento profissional.Aos meus cunhados, Thiers, Simone e Maria Alice, que tornam a minha família ainda melhor. Agradecimentos AgradecimentosAo meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Marcello Menta S. Nico, por sua condução firme, segura e participativa, com contribuições e ensinamentos valiosos em todos os momentos do desenvolvimento deste estudo, a quem aprendi a admirar e respeitar por sua sabedoria e dedicação. Agradeço pelo privilégio de ter trabalhado ao seu lado. À Profª. Dra. Sílvia Vanessa Lourenço, pela profissional dedicada, solícita, participativa, um exemplo a ser admirado e seguido. Devo, principalmente ao seu incentivo, apoio, ajuda e ensinamentos, a realização deste estudo. À Profª. Dra. Miriam Nacami Sotto, pela confiança, incentivo e ajuda para que este estudo pudesse ser realizado. À Dona Eli Maria, pela eficiência e competência na resolução de nossas dúvidas.

Avaliação do efeito clínico da terapia de fotobiomodulação com uso do laser de baixa intensidade em rosácea eritêmato-telangiectásica: Estudo piloto Evaluation of the clinical effect of photobiomodulation therapy using low intensity laser in erythemato-telangiectatic rosacea: Pilot study

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Lupus Erythematosus (LE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease, characterized by a wide spectrum of manifestations of variable evolution. Among the various organs involved, the skin is one of the most frequent site, sometimes being the first manifestation of the disease. The frequency of oral mucosal manifestations is variable, between 9 to 45% of SLE and 3 to 20% of Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. Oral mucosal manifestation of LE can present themselves in different ways and their description is varied in different studies. Oral Lupus Erythematosus is histopathologically characterized as an interface mucositis with hyperkeratosis, alternating epithelial hyperplasia with atrophy, changes in epithelial maturation, vacuolization of the basal layer, thickening of the basement membrane by Schiff's periodic acid staining and superficial and deep lymph-histiocytic infiltrate in the lamina propria, which can show focal, interstitial, perivascular location or in a tight epithelial band. The etiopathogenesis of LE is the result of a complex interaction between various pathogenic factors and remains unclear. Several mechanisms are known to participate in the process, such as: genetic, hormonal, environmental, autoantibodies and cellular components of the skin and the immune system. The treatment of LE, including oral mucosal manifestation, is a complex and multidisciplinary process, which is based on preventive measures, inflammatory process modulation and control, organ injury prevention, relief of the symptoms. The oral mucosal manifestation of LE is a rare condition, it could be observed and diagnosed by many health professionals, mainly by dentist, stomatologist, dermatologist and otolaryngologist, knowledge and depth study of OLE is needed by these professionals, thus, the sooner the disease is diagnosed, the better prognosis and quality of life can be given to the patient.