RESUMENLa leishmaniosis, una enfermedad parasitaria de amplia distribución mundial y endémica en muchas regiones, plantea un gran reto al control epidemiológico debido, por un lado, a la toxicidad cada vez mayor de la quimioterapia y a la resistencia a la misma, y por el otro, a que el control del vector se ha tornado extremadamente difícil porque el insecto se ha generalizado y adaptado a múltiples y diferentes microambientes; de allí que se le dé alta prioridad al desarrollo de estrategias profilácticas costo-efectivas para prevenirla, porque la población más afectada vive en países con economías débiles. El objetivo de esta revisión fue actualizar lo hecho en estrategias de vacunación contra Leishmania. Se resume dicha información para guiar a los profesionales de la salud sobre el adecuado proceder en el control de tan importante endemia mundial. PALABRAS CLAVELeishmania; Leishmaniosis; Parásito; Profilaxis; Vacuna SUMMARY Vaccines against LeishmaniaLeishmaniosis, a parasitic disease of worldwide distribution and endemic in many regions, poses a challenge to epidemiological control due, on the one hand, to the increased toxicity of chemotherapy and resistance to it and, on the other, to the fact that vector control has become extremely difficult because the insect is widespread and has adapted to many different microenvironments. Hence, the high priority given to develop prophylactic measures to prevent this disease, that are cost-effective because the affected population lives mostly in countries with weak economies. The subject of this review was to update what is being done in vaccination strategies against Leishmania. We summarize the information in order to guide health professionals in the adequate control of this important worldwide endemic disease.
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