Treatment with all-oral DAA combinations of patients infected with HCV and with HCV/HIV under real-life conditions led to high and similar rates of SVR12. Moreover, the historical factors associated with a sustained virological response to pegIFN/RBV were not predictive of the response to all-oral DAAs.

Objective The sense of olfaction has been considered of minor importance in human communication. In recent years, evidence has emerged that humans might be influenced by unconscious messages sent through chemosignals in body odors. Data concerning the ability of humans to recognize fear, maybe related to the evolutionary role of these emotions in the fight‐or‐flight reactions, are well known. Methods To further understand the role of emotional chemosignals in mediating communication in humans and its influence on animal behaviors, we conducted a systematic literature review. Results Chemosignals derived from axillary odors collected under a variety of emotional stimuli and sad tears in humans affect receivers' social interactions, danger detection and risk‐taking behavior, social aspects of eating, and performance under stressing conditions. In addition, beyond the fight‐or‐flight response, even the body odors of happiness can be perceived by others. Furthermore, human chemosignals can influence behaviors and stressful responses in animals, particularly dogs and horses, which may partially explain their special relationship with humans. Conclusion Our review highlights the importance of chemosignaling in human intra‐ and interspecific interactions and suggests the need for further investigations, both in physiological conditions and in patients with psychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders.

Elena Pérez-Nadales and Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez have contributed equally to this work.Investigators listed in Acknowledgments.

This is the author's final version of the contribution published as: Gramaglia E;Ramella Gigliardi V;Olivetti I;Tomelini M;Belcastro S;Calvi E;Dotta A;Ghigo E;Benso A;Broglio F. Impact of short-term treatment with benzodiazepines and imidazopyridines on glucose metabolism in healthy subjects.. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION. 37 Conclusions: This study suggests that BZ and imidazopyridines have a rapid glucometabolic effect that is detectable as early as after 15 days treatment.3