We compared the kinetic behaviour of tylosin administered to beehives by dusting or paper-pack placement through three treatment protocols (D, PP, CONTROL). D (dusting): tylosin, divided in four portions, was sprinkled over the ends of the hives' top bars weekly for four weeks (n=3); PP (paper-pack placement): tylosin in paper packs was administered at two-week intervals (n=3); CONTROL (control): the hives were left untreated (n=3). In every inspection, from each of the nine hives, fifty young (2-day-old) larvae were sampled for drug analysis. The concentration of tylosin in the young larvae was determined by a microbiological assay with Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 as test organism. The (mean±SD) maximum concentration (C max ) for D was 136.0±194.0 and for PP -144.0±187.4 µg/mL; the time to reach C max (t max ) was 1.5±0.9 h for D and 1.8 ± 1.8 h for PP. The area under the tylosin behaviour kinetics curve between 0-1392 h with D was 308.7±185.2 and with PP: 326.4±141.0 µg/h/mL, indicating no statistical difference between the treatments (P>0.05). The shorter duration of paper-pack-administered tylosin observed in the larvae implied a lower risk of antibiotic residues in the resulting honey.
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