This qualitative and interpretative work aims at approaching Wikipedia's cultural facet from a transdisciplinary view. For this purpose, we set to analyse the existing literature that has dealt with Wikipedia in the generic media and in academic publications on the fields of Artificial Intelligence, Information and Education Sciences and Translation Studies as well. In these works -mostly with a descriptive, empirical or pragmatic approachWikipedia is referred to as an online collaborative encyclopaedia that incorporates innovation and content creation devices from the free software movement. Our proposal calls for resorting to theoretical works envisaging Wikipedia's cultural dimension. With a semiotic approach, we have based our analysis hypothesis on the social imaginary proposed by Vázquez Medel, as well as on the Polysystem Theory written by Even-Zohar. We will outline that these authors provide many clues for approaching Wikipedia as a cultural system boasting as a repository of knowledge and human relationships. Key words: Wikipedia, culture, media, information society, free software. Resumen: En el presente trabajo, de naturaleza cualitativa e interpretativa, se abordan los alcances culturales de Wikipedia desde una aproximación transdisciplinar. Para ello, se analiza la literatura existente centrada en Wikipedia, procedente de medios de comunicación generalistas y de distintas disciplinas académicas (inteligencia artificial, ciencias de la información, educación y estudios de traducción). En dichos trabajos, fundamentalmente de naturaleza descriptiva, empírica y pragmática, se alude a Wikipedia como enciclopedia colaborativa en línea que aúna mecanismos de creación de contenido y de innovación procedentes del software libre. Nuestra propuesta reclama la pertinencia de recurrir a trabajos teóricos que contemplen la dimensión cultural de Wikipedia. Desde una aproximación semiótica, basamos nuestra hipótesis de análisis en el imaginario social de Vázquez Medel y la Teoría de los polisistemas de Even-Zohar, en los que encontramos claves para la consideración de Wikipedia como sistema cultural, en tanto que repositorio de conocimiento y relaciones humanas. Palabras clave: Wikipedia, cultura, medios, sociedad de la información, software libre. Sociales, núm. 68, 2015 Convergencia Revista de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México 126 IntroducciónEn este trabajo se aborda una reflexión crítica, una lectura de los alcances culturales de Wikipedia desde la semiótica y los sistemas culturales (Lotman, 1979(Lotman, , 1996(Lotman, , 1998(Lotman, , 1999(Lotman, , 2000Even-Zohar, 1990;Vázquez Medel, 1997). A partir de constructos ya consolidados como la "inteligencia colectiva" propuesto por Lévy (1997) y la "cultura participativa" enunciado por Jenkins et al. (2009), se explora Wikipedia como evocación del discurso multilingüe, cibernético, multimodal y multidireccional que genera nuestra sociedad mundializada. Asimismo, en los siguientes párrafos están latentes consideraciones sobre los concep...
Francisco Ayala (Granada, 1906-Madrid, 2009), member of the Royal Academy of Spanish Language, sociologist, hispanist and renowned writer, was also a translator for many years, especially, at the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939, when he was forced into exile in Buenos Aires. As far as we know, little attention has been devoted from Translation Studies to his facet as a translator and theorist. As we will try to narrate in the following lines, Francisco Ayala earned a living from translation for many years and reflected about this activity in his Breve teoría de la traducción (1946; Brief Theory of Translation). Among other authors, he translated Thomas Mann and Rainer Maria Rilke from German, Almeida from Portuguese and Léon Bloy from French. In this paper, we will only be able to outline a part of Ayala's merits, since, in our opinion, his vast production, as a writer, translator and theorist constitutes a fabulous playground for researchers in our discipline.key words Francisco Ayala, Translation Studies, sociology of translation, professional translation, literary translation Francisco Ayala y su aproximación profesional a la teoría y la práctica de la traducciónFrancisco Ayala (Granada, 1906-Madrid, 2009
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