Scholars have long emphasized the importance of cultural responsiveness in therapy; however, the evidence for the multicultural competence (MCC) model is mixed, and most extant research is quantitative in nature. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gather insight into what therapists focus on during conceptualization without prompting for multicultural information. We conducted a qualitative study to examine therapists’ multicultural case conceptualization and diagnosis to better understand therapists’ cultural processes. The research questions were: What do therapists attend to in case conceptualization, and how does it influence diagnosis? How do these diagnoses influence intervention? Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven White practicing psychotherapists who were asked to provide a case conceptualization in response to a vignette. Participants’ interview data (inclusive of their case conceptualization and answers about their thought processes) was analyzed, and six themes emerged: MCC, systems of support, controlling images, biological factors, multicultural orientation, and focus on cognitive therapies. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Background: This study assessed the association between cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States, among parents and child mental health. Methods: Our sample included 9076 children aged 6 to 17 years. Data were pooled from the 2016–2018 waves of the National Health Interview Survey. We fitted a logistic regression to obtain the odds ratios in favor of child mental health problems for parental CVD. We also fitted a multinomial logistic regression to obtain the odds in favor of the severity of mental health problems (i.e., minor, definite, and severe). Results: The adjusted odds of facing difficulties for a child of a parent with CVD were 1.64 (95% CI: 1.28–2.11) times that of their peers whose parents did not have CVD. The adjusted relative risk of facing minor and definite difficulties for a child of a parent with CVD were 1.48 (95% CI: 1.13–1.94) and 2.25 (95% CI: 1.47–3.46) times that of their peers of parents without CVD. Conclusions: The results suggest a strong association between child mental health and parental cardiovascular morbidity, demonstrating the need for the development or adaptation of existing public health interventions to facilitate mental health support for children of parents with CVD.
Marital disruption defined as widowhood, divorce, or separation, has adverse consequences for women’s health and wellbeing. Extant evidence, however, is primarily available for older women or in developed country settings. Consequences of marital disruption for younger women in the developing countries is relatively less visited. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess whether maritally disrupted women of reproductive age (18–49 years) had differential risk of tobacco-use compared to their married counterparts. Using nationally representative data from India, we estimated multivariable logistic regressions to obtain the odds in favor of tobacco-use for maritally disrupted women. We found that compared to women remained in marriage, maritally disrupted women were 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.4–1.6) more likely to consume tobacco. The higher risk of tobacco-use of maritally disrupted women was evident in both younger (age 18–34) and older (age 35–49) cohorts. The results were robust across urban and rural areas, high- and low- education groups, and poor- and non-poor households. The higher odds of tobacco-use among maritally disrupted women persisted even after accounting for household fixed effects. The study findings thus, have implications for strengthening targeted tobacco control policies and health promotion among maritally disrupted women in low-and-middle income countries.
Approximately 96% of Americans aged 18 to 29 own smartphones (Pew Research, 2019). College students spend almost 10 hours per day on their phones (Roberts et al., 2014), and evidence suggests that they exhibit signs of cell phone dependency and commensurate anxiety when separated from their phones (e.g., Han et al., 2017). Considering students are exhibiting phone dependency, it is reasonable to assume that anxiety might increase when their phones are taken away. The study's objective was to assess whether confiscating smartphones prior to an exam affected academic performance. Anxiety was measured with the State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety (Ree et al., 2008) and autonomic arousal was measured by electrodermal activity (EDA). We expected higher self-reported state anxiety, higher EDA levels, and lower test performance among students who had their phones withheld than students who kept their phones. Eighty-four students participated in the study. There were three conditions: phones put into a box but left visible (n = 28), phones put into a box and placed into a filing cabinet (i.e., not visible; n = 28), and a control where students were not separated from their phones (n = 28). Data collection is completed and analysis is in progress.
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