The present population-based, case-control study examines associations between specific parental psychiatric disorders and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) including childhood autism, Asperger’s syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD-NOS). The cohort includes 4713 children born between 1987 and 2005 with diagnoses of childhood autism, Asperger’s syndrome or PDD-NOS. Cases were ascertained from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register, and each was matched to four controls by gender, date of birth, place of birth, and residence in Finland. Controls were selected from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Parents were identified through the Finnish Medical Birth Register and Finnish Central Population Register. Parental psychiatric diagnoses from inpatient care were collected from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess whether parents’ psychiatric disorders predicted ASD after controlling for parents’ age, smoking during pregnancy and weight for gestational age. In summary, parental schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective disorders were associated with the risk of ASD regardless of the subgroup. PDD-NOS was associated with all parental psychiatric disorders investigated. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings. These results may facilitate the investigation of shared genetic and familial factors between ASD and other psychiatric disorders.
The present population-based study examines associations between epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The cohort includes register data of 4,705 children born between 1987 and 2005 and diagnosed as cases of childhood autism, Asperger's syndrome or pervasive developmental disorders--not otherwise specified. Each case was matched to four controls by gender, date of birth, place of birth, and residence in Finland. Epilepsy was associated with ASD regardless of the subgroup after adjusting for covariates. The associations were stronger among cases with intellectual disability, especially among females. Epilepsy's age at onset was similar between the cases and controls regardless of the ASD subgroup. These findings emphasize the importance to examine the neurodevelopmental pathways in ASD, epilepsy and intellectual disability.
Objective Both short and long interpregnancy intervals (IPI) are believed to present possible adverse conditions for fetal development. Short IPI has recently been associated with increased risk of autism, but whether long IPI increases risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has not been thoroughly investigated. We investigated the association between short and long IPI in a Finnish population-based study. Method This study was conducted in the Finnish Prenatal Study of Autism, which is based in a national birth cohort. Children born in Finland in 1987–2005 and diagnosed with ASD by 2007 were identified through the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. 2,208 non-firstborn patients with ASD and 5,163 matched controls identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register were included in the primary analysis. The association between IPI and ASD was determined using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders. Results Relative to births with an IPI of 24–59 months, those with the shortest IPI (<12 months) had an increased risk of ASD (OR [95% CI], 1.50 [1.28, 1.74]) in confounder-adjusted models, while the ORs (95% CI) for longer IPI births (60–119 months and ≥120 months) were 1.28 (1.08, 1.52) and 1.44 (1.12, 1.85), respectively. Conclusion This study provides evidence that risk of ASD is increased at long as well as short IPI.
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