An innovative nanosized natural pesticide based on neem seeds was developed. The resulting nanobiopesticide (NBP) was synthesised by entangling neem seed extract on chitosan cross-linked with succinic anhydride via ultrasonic treatment following purification. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) spectrophotometers were used to characterise the resulting NBP, and its stability was observed against changes in pH, temperature and UV radiation.
Sorghum is a food plant rich in benefits and has the advantage of being free gluten; it contains antioxidants and has a low glycemic index. The purpose of this research is to determine the content of compounds in sorghum. In the research, the variety of KD 4 sorghum has been used, which was macerated by absolute methanol. Results screening using thin-layer chromatography showed that methanol extract of sorghum contained flavonoid, phenol, triterpenoid, tannin, and saponin compounds, and finally, these compounds will be useful for pharmaceutical products.
Tanaman bintaro berpotensi sebagai bahan insektisida botani. Kajian tentang pemanfaatan daun bintaro untuk pengendalian hama belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun bintaro terhadap biologi serangga Spodoptera litura, sehingga dapat diketahui peluang pemanfaatannya untuk mengendalikan populasi hama tersebut di lapangan. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan tunggal berupa konsentrasi ekstrak daun bintaro yaitu, 0% (kontrol); 2,5%; 5,0%; 7,5%; 10%; dan 12,5%. Penelitian dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap di antaranya pembuatan ekstrak daun bintaro, pemeliharaan ulat grayak, dan uji kemanjuran ekstrak daun bintaro. Parameter pengamatan meliputi mortalitas hama, umur stadia, dan jumlah konsumsi pakan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun bintaroberpengaruh terhadap mortalitas serangga S. lituraF., memperpanjang masa stadia larva, mempersingkat masa stadia pupa, menurunkan persentase keberhasilan larva menjadi pupa, menurunkan kualitas imago, dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap selera makan.Kata kunci: biologi serangga, daun bintaro, insektisida botani, ulat grayak
Neem extract possess important bioactivities such as insect repellent, antifeedant, growth inhibitor, and other insecticidal properties, while curcumin has many bioactivities as antioxidant, antiinflamation, antibacterial, as well as anticancer. Both natural substances were mixed as botanical insecticides formula. Its efficacy against bean pod sucking bugs in vitro were evaluated. Several stages were done in this research, i.e. neem leave extraction, curcumin extraction, mixed formula production, and efficacy evaluation of mixed formula against bean pod sucking bugs in laboratory. The result of research showed that the mixed formula of the botanical insecticides containing neem leaves extract and curcumin caused mortality of bean pod sucking bugs in vitro significantly. The mortality percentage of bugs was up to 96, 25%. Therefore, it is emphasized that mixed formula of botanical insecticides containing natural substances is an eco-friendly product for agriculture.
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