Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions, facial movement disorders and the associated risk factors among patients with psychotic disorders and controls. Study Design: A cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: The department of mental health and the General outpatients’ clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile- Ife, Nigeria. between October 2016 to November 2017. Methodology: One hundred and eighty consenting patients (90 cases and 90 controls) were recruited. Oral mucosa assessment was based on W.H.O guide to epidemiology and diagnosis of oral mucosa diseases. Involuntary facial movement was assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Xerostomia assessment was done by volumetric sialometry. Results: Prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in patients with psychotic disorders was 83.33% while it was 71.11% for the controls (P=0.05). The likelihood of developing oral mucosa lesions in patients with psychotic disorders increased with age (Odds ratio 1.02, 95% C.I (1.00-1.03), P=0.04). Orofacial dyskinesia was observed in 17 (18.89%) of the cases on antipsychotic medications and none in the controls (P<0.001). The risk of developing orofacial dyskinesia also increased (Odds Ratio 1.096, 95% C.I (1.03-1.16), P=0.003) with increase in age in the cases. Conclusion: Oral mucosa lesions and orofacial dyskinesia were more prevalent in patients with psychotic disorders than the controls. Increasing age was a risk factor for developing oral mucosa lesions and orofacial dyskinesia among patients with psychotic disorders.
Background: The quality and quantity of sleep is strongly related to physiological and physical health and other measures of wellbeing. Undergraduates are particularly susceptible to increasing academic and social demands that can cause sleep quality. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of self-reported sleep quality among undergraduates and the association between certain academic and non-academic related factors and quality of sleep. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study among three hundred and twenty-seven undergraduates of the College of Health Sciences, faculty of law and faculty of art of Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife who registered for the 2018/2019 academic session. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic and academic information (including the number of courses per semester, Cumulative grade point average (CGPA) and carried over course(s)). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Results: The mean age of participants was 22 years. The prevalence of self- reported sleep quality among the participants was 35.8%. Female students (66.3%) had better sleep quality when compared with their male counterparts (61.7%). Bivariate analysis shows a statistically significant association between the course of study and the quality of sleep (p=0.003). Total average sleep hour per day (p=0.002) and known environmental factors affecting bedtime or sleep pattern (p=0.01) also showed statistically significant association with sleep quality. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of self-reported impaired sleep quality among the undergraduate population in which this study was conducted. The course being studied, total average sleep hours in a day and environmental factors were associated with the quality of sleep.
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