Purpose This work describes community-based participatory research (CBPR) to support language and literacy development with Pre-K and kindergarten African American boys. Method The aim and goals of the project were designed using the CBPR model. Interventionists were trained with researcher-designed videos. Interventionist fidelity to training was assessed. Pre- and posttests of child language were completed after the 12 weeks of dialogic reading intervention. Results The CBPR team learned the dialogic reading protocol from the video trainings and provided the lessons with fidelity. Children's postintervention scores of sound-matching and nonword repetition increased significantly. Postintervention changes in lexical diversity and productive syntax were age graded, such that younger children's scores increased over time whereas older children's scores decreased. Conclusions CBPR is a viable method for speech-language pathologists seeking to develop language and literacy lessons for low resource communities. Self-paced videos can effectively train interventionists to provide dialogic reading lessons with fidelity. Young children's sound-matching and nonword repetition skills can improve significantly with 12 weeks of dialogic reading lessons.
BACKGROUND Obesity has evolved into a global pandemic. The prevalence of obesity and hypertension in eastern North Carolina are comparable, if not higher, than the national prevalence. In the United States, an estimated 34% of adults have hypertension, the most modifiable risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions often do not provide sustained weight loss in obese patients. Bariatric surgery offers an effective weight reduction with short-and long-term health improvements; however, a higher body mass index is associated with higher surgical morbidity and mortality, longer hospitalization, and increasing rates of 30-day readmission due to co-morbidities. Intragastric balloon may bridge a critical gap in the treatment of obesity. The objective of this paper is to showcase the impact of endoscopic bariatric therapy on blood pressure reduction. AIM To investigate the impact of intragastric balloon on blood pressure reduction. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted from January 1, 2016 to January 31, 2019 of consecutive adults who received intragastric balloon therapy (IGBT) in a gastroenterology private practice in Eastern North Carolina. The balloon was introduced into the stomach under endoscopic guidance, and while in the region of the gastric body, inflation with saline was performed at increments of 50 mL until target volume between 500 to 650 mL of saline was attained depending on the patient's gastric capacity. No procedural complications were noted during endoscopic placement and removal of the balloon. A cohort study design was used for data analysis. A total of 172 patients had the Orbera ® intragastric balloon placed. Of the 172 patients who had IGBT at baseline, 11 patients (6.4%) requested early balloon removal due to foreign body sensation ( n = 1), and/or intolerable gastrointestinal adverse events ( n = 10). The reported gastrointestinal adverse events were nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Eventually, 6-mo follow-up data were available for only 140 patients. As a result, only the 140 available at the 6-mo follow-up were included in the analysis. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. Specifically, scatterplots were created to show the relationship between weight and blood pressure, and paired two-sample t -test was carried out to determine if there was a significant reduction in weight before and after the IGBT. Multiple regressions were also performed to examine the association between participants’ total body weight and blood pressure. The outcome variables for the multiple regression were systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured as continuous variables. This was followed by logistic regression analyses to determine the association between total body weight and hypertension at 6-mo post-implantation. The ...
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