More than a third of students enter higher education at a community college; most aim to earn a baccalaureate. Drawing on sense-making theory and longitudinal qualitative data, we examined how community college students interpret state transfer policies and how their interpretations influence subsequent behavior. Data from 3 years of interviews revealed how students adjudicate between multiple intersecting policies. The higher education context, where institutions provided competing signals about policies, left students to navigate complex messages to achieve their transfer goals. Students’ approaches to understanding transfer policies primarily followed one of two patterns: adopting policy signals as step-by-step procedures or adapting and combining policy signals to create a customized transfer pathway. Both approaches had important implications for students’ transfer outcomes.

In this study, we determined cognitive structures and misconceptions about basic ecological concepts by using "word association" tests on secondary school students, age between 12-14 years. Eighty-nine students participated in this study. Before WAT was generated, basic ecological concepts that take place in the secondary science curriculum were determined. And then these concepts; "Environment", "species", "habitat", "population", "ecosystem", "food chain", "substance cycle", "biological diversity", "environmental pollution", "global warming", "acid rain" and "greenhouse effect" were determined as keywords. Also, students were asked to construct a related example sentence for each keyword. Analysis of data was done in four steps: Determination of the responses given for the keywords, calculation of the Relatedness Coefficient between the keywords, formation of concept web that put forward the relation for the given responses to keywords, and analysis of constructed sentences for each keyword. In conclusion, this study put forward that most of the students had weak cognitive structure about ecological concepts. The close relations among these concepts with each other could not be built in students' cognitive structure. Most of the students' responses were superficial knowledge acquired in daily life and contained many misconceptions. Although students were aware of environmental problems, they were deficient in scientific information about reasons and effects of these problems. This case shows that we are not sufficient in environmental education and training.

Pharyngitis in most cases is due to viral microorganisms however drug therapy without the detection of etiological agent leads to unnecessary use of antibiotics. On the other hand, when the etiologic agent is group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) it is important to identify the etiologic agent rapidly which will guide the treatment with appropriate antibiotics. The use of highly sensitive rapid tests will contribute significantly to early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Mascia Brunelli rapid antigen test for the detection of GAS in throat swab samples. A total of 833 throat swab samples submitted to our laboratory with pre-diagnosis of pharyngitis were assessed between June 2016 and August 2016. The samples were simultaneously cultured and tested by rapid Mascia Brunelli Strep-A Card (Mascia Brunelli S.p.a, Italy). For identification, bacitracin sensitivity, PYR test and latex agglutination test in addition to Bruker MALDI-TOF MS (Daltonics, Germany) system were used. The density of GAS growth in the culture was noted. The samples that were false negative with Mascia Brunelli test were re-tested with QuickVue + Strep A Test (Quidel Corporation, San Diego, USA) rapid antigen test. A total of 833 patients, 376 (45.2%) female and 457 (54.8%) male were included in the study. The age range was between 0-94 years with a mean value of 7.86 ± 6.72. 125 (15%) and 94 (11.28%) of the samples were positive with culture and rapid antigen test, respectively. Mascia Brunelli antigen test gave negative results for 31 culture positive samples. Of these 31 samples, 28 were found positive by QuickVue + Strep A antigen test. As a result, the sensitivity of the test was found to be independent of the inoculum effect. The culture positivity rate in patients between 5-15 years was 18.4%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and the accuracy of Mascia Brunelli antigen test, with respect to culture, were 75.2%, 100%, 100%, 95.81% and 96.28%, respectively. In conclusion, the selection of rapid antigen tests with high sensitivity in the diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis will contribute to the prevention of resistance development by appropriate use of antibiotics as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. However, confirmation of negative rapid antigen test results by culture is very important in terms of false diagnosis and prevention of incomplete treatment.

In this study it is aimed to verify Miles and Snow's strategy typology in Turkey and investigate how firms that conduct different business strategies, differ in firm performance considering ROA ratio. Research conducted with 190 firms listed in Borsa Istanbul Index. Firms classified under 3 strategy typology with cluster analysis. The impact of independent variables ; "firm strategy", "industry" and "firm size" on firm performance (ROA) were analysed by ANOVA and logistic regression. Results indicated that the best predictor of performance (ROA) is the interaction efffect of firm size and firm strategy.

Öz. Fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programında yaşam becerileri, bilimsel bilgiye ulaşılması ve bilimsel bilginin kullanılmasına ilişkin temel beceriler olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu beceriler analitik düşünme, karar verme, yaratıcı düşünme, girişimcilik, iletişim ve takım çalışması olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmenlerinin fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programında yer alan yaşam becerilerinin, ilkokul öğrencilerine kazandırılmasına yönelik görüşlerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada fenomenoloji deseni kullanılmıştır. Ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen dokuz sınıf öğretmeninden, birebir görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanan veriler, içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan öğretmenlerin çoğu, fen dersinin, yaşam becerilerinin gelişimine katkı sağladığını belirtmişlerdir. Bu becerilerin geliştirilebilmesi için çoğunlukla öğrenci merkezli yöntem ve tekniklerden yararlandıklarını söylemişlerdir. Öğretmenler, gözlemler, yazılı sınavlar, ders içindeki davranışlar ve proje çalışmaları aracılığıyla bu becerilerdeki gelişimi izlediklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca ailelerin ve okul idaresinin bu becerilerin geliştirilmesi üzerinde etkili olduğunu düşünmektedirler. Fen bilimleri dersinin yaşam becerilerinin gelişimine katkısını artırmak için, yaş grubuna uygun çeşitli öğretim materyalleri ve etkinliklerinin hazırlanması ve hizmetiçi eğitimlerin faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir

ÖZETBu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerine yönelik çevresel tutum ölçeği geliştirmektir. İki alt ölçekten oluşan ve toplamda 41 madde içeren taslak ölçek geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları için Aralık 2011'de Kocaeli'deki çeşitli ortaokullarda okuyan 512 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS ve LISREL programlarında analiz edilmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle incelenmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda birinci alt ölçekten bir ve ikinci alt ölçekten de beş madde çıkartılmıştır. İlk alt ölçeğin "davranış" olarak adlandırılan tek boyuttan, ikinci alt ölçeğin ise "düşünce", "duygu" ve "eylemde bulunmaya isteklilik" olmak üzere üç boyuttan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizinde elde edilen uyumluluk indeksleri, her iki alt ölçeğin, kuramsal yapıyla ve açımlayıcı faktör analiziyle iyi/mükemmel uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Birinci alt ölçeğin madde-toplam korelasyonlarının 0,37 ile 0,67 arasında olması iç tutarlılığının yüksek olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca Cronbach Alpha değeri 0,84; Gutman Split Half değeri 0,831 ve Spearman Brown katsayısı ise 0,83 olarak belirlenmiştir. İkinci alt ölçeğin madde-toplam puanları 0,30 ile 0,77 arasındadır ve bu sonuçlar iç tutarlılığının yüksek olduğu

Community College Reentry Programs (CCRPs) are campus-based programs that serve formerly incarcerated students by providing targeted services attuned to their needs. Currently, there are 62 community colleges in California that have CCRPs. While emerging research has begun to examine the experiences of students in these programs, little is known about the staff who lead them. This study uses a grassroots leadership perspective to examine how CCRP staff lead for organizational change. Through the presentation of two case narratives of CCRPs, I show how staff lead reform efforts towards advancing justice and equity for their students on campus and in the community. My findings have implications for strengthening aid for these programs and better supporting their staff.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This study aims to measure the causal relationship between the dollar and euro at exchange rates among today's investment instruments and the deposit interest rate, Gold, Bist xu100 and the index of government domestic debt securities.Dec. Dec. The data in the study are daily data between 17/08/2017-26/05/2021 and were selected from a recent time Dec. Data with CBRT evds resources investing.com retrieved from. In this way, it is possible to see how variables adapt to today's financial world and the pandemic period. The method of the study is the Granger causality test, which is often used in time series analysis. When individuals make investment choices, they choose according to the fact that macro variables such as inflation, growth rate, and Exchange Rates fluctuate during periods of crisis and recession. This often affects even the credit demands of institutional investors. Central banks want to influence macro variables with various intervention tools, but because the economies of some countries are fragile, individuals can often suffer even as a result of these optimistic policies. According to the results of this study, the dependent variable in the model where the BIST100 index of the dollar and gold values, the probability of 0.000<0.05 causal relationship is true of dollars for deposit in the model where the dependent variable is the interest rate of government securities of the index, the probability value of 0.0001 p<0.05 and Bist100 index 0.0162 probability value<0.05 and the probability for the value of the dollar 0.02<0.05 can be considered to be a causal relationship due to being towards deposit rates. The probability of the dependent variable in a model of the euro BIST100 index value 0.0001 p<0.05, gold probability value of 0.000<0.05 Euros causal relationship is true for government securities in another model where the dependent variable of 0.0040 p<0.05 probability value from deposits with interest ,0.0000 p<0.05 0.0043 Bist100 index and the probability value p<0.05 is the probability for the value of government securities under de towards causality can be said. In a model in which the Bist100 index is a dependent variable, there was a causal relationship towards the Bist100 index ,as the probability value of the euro was 0.0012<0.05, the probability value of gold was 0.0000<0.05, the probability value of government domestic debt securities was 0.0013<0.05, and the probability value of the dollar was 0.0007<0.05. Finally, the model in which gold is a dependent variable concluded that there is no causal relationship between the Euro, dollar, dibs and Bist100 index and deposit interest to gold, since the probability values of other variables are greater than 0.05.