The aim of this study was to determine the effects of phenolic substances of four plants (apple, mulberry, plum and walnut) on hemocyte concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity of Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) larvae infected with Hyphantria cunea granulovirus and uninfected. The plants used in this study were collected in Bafra, Samsun, Turkey in 2019. The phenolic concentrations of the leaves of these plants were determined. Then, the effect of these phenolic on hemocyte concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity of infected and uninfected larvae were determined. The hemocyte concentrations of all groups increased with virus infection. The concentration of malondialdehyde decreased in all groups as a result of viral infection. The highest superoxide dismutase and catalase activities among both infected and uninfected larvae were in the plum groups with the highest concentration of chlorogenic acid, the lowest glutathione peroxidase activity was also in these groups. All this showed that different phenolic concentrations of host plants affected the hemocyte concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity of H. cunea larvae.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co) in different amounts on the total consumption amount, pupal weight, pupal protein and lipid content, the development time of the last instar Hyphantria cunea. For this purpose, ten artificial diets were prepared using 0.788 mg/ml and 2.364 mg/ml of each metal. A total of 11 diets were made, including one control diet. Chloroform was used to determine the pupal lipid amounts. Protein analysis was performed by semi-micro Kjeldahl method with Kjeltec Auto 1030 analyzer. ANOVA-Dunnet test was used for statistical analysis. With increasing iron and copper amounts in the diet, the larval consumption amounts, pupal weights, pupal protein and pupal lipid amounts of the insect decreased, while the development time was prolonged. Consumption amounts, pupal weights, pupal protein and pupal lipid amounts of the groups containing nickel and cobalt were found to be higher than the control group. It was determined that with increasing zinc amount, consumption amounts, pupal weights, and pupal protein amounts of the larvae increased, but pupal lipid amounts decreased. In this study, it has been shown that heavy metals affect the physiological processes of H. cunea larvae.
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