Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) particles were synthesised from a yttrium nitrate solution via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. The effects of temperature and precursor concentration on morphology and microstructural parameters were investigated. Y2O3 particles were characterised by scanning-electron-microscope energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on X-ray peak broadening, the crystallite size was calculated using the modified Debye–Scherrer (MDS) method. Furthermore, the crystallite size, crystal strain and the energy density of the crystal were evaluated using the Williamson–Hall (W–H) analysis integrated with the uniform deformation model, the uniform stress deformation model and the uniform deformation energy density model. A comparative evaluation of Y2O3 crystallite size using the MDS and W–H methods was carried out. This is part of a thematic issue on Nanoscale Materials Characterisation and Modeling by Advances Microscopy Methods - EUROMAT.
Nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were synthesized by the one step Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) process from nitrate salt solution (Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O). Various influential parameters, from Zn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O concentrations (0.01875-0.0375 M) in the initial solution, carrier gas (N 2 ) flow rates (0.5-0.75 L/min) to reaction temperature (400-800 • C), were tested to investigate their role on the final ZnO particles' morphology. For this purpose, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and (Selected Area Electron Diffraction) SAED techniques were used to gain insight into how the ZnO morphology is dependent on the USP process. It was revealed that, by certain parameter selection, different ZnO morphology could be achieved, from spherical to sphere-like structures assembled by interwoven nanoplate and nanoplate ZnO particles. Further, a more detailed crystallographic investigation was performed by XRD and Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis on the ZnO with unique and non-typical planar morphology that was not reported before by USP synthesis. Moreover, for the first time, a flexible USP formation model was proposed, ending up in various ZnO morphologies rather than only ideal spheres, which is highly promising to target a wide application area.
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