No abstract

After completion of this article, the reader should be able to state how rare primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma (POLMS) is, explain that because of its rarity the best diagnostic and treatment modalities are not conclusive, and recall that the authors reviewed the literature to bring the readership current on POLMS.

Although not statistically significant, our study demonstrated that total abdominal hysterectomy causes 30% more loss of ovarian reserve in addition to the effects of aging. Further research on larger populations is needed to confirm our results and to apply them in clinical practice.

No abstract

Heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy is an extremely rare condition that may cause life-threatening complications. A 24-year-old woman gravida 2, para 1, presented with vaginal bleeding. Vaginal sonography demonstrated 2 gestational sacs containing viable embryos, one located in the uterine fundus and the other in the previous cesarean scar. Fetal reduction of the cesarean scar pregnancy was performed with intracardiac KCl injection and the ongoing intrauterine pregnancy was delivered by cesarean section at 34 week's gestation. To prevent serious complications and preserve intrauterine pregnancy, heterotopic cesarean scar pregnancy must be diagnosed early in gestation. Favorable pregnancy outcome can be achieved with conservative management. However, such management increases the risk of massive bleeding during ongoing pregnancy and cesarean section.