This study sought to establish the effectiveness of strategies used by local government leaders in combating violation of children’s rights in Arusha City using the descriptive design. The population involved 168 local government leaders from 24 Wards whereby the sample of 96 was picked through simple random sampling, but the response rate was 71 (73.9%). Validity was assured through expert judgment and the reliability was established through determination of the Cronbach’s Alfa which was above 0.6 for each variable. The study established that strategies used by local government leaders in combating violation of Children’s rights include desks at police stations for children right cases, education to the community, protection committees that coordinate and monitor violation of children’s rights, local government authorities providing legal aid, perpetrators being prosecuted so that legal action can be taken against them and free family events and activities for children’s rights education. The strategies were perceived to be effective except for children’s desk at police stations. Identified challenges included some cases not being reported, poor cooperation from victims, corruption, lack of political will and ineffective policies. It is recommended that appropriate organs should strengthen the use of strategies listed in this study in order to curb violation of children’s rights issues. There is a need for transformations in handling reported cases at the police desks. Finally, the government authorities should find ways to curb the identified challenges that faced initiatives used by local government leaders in combating violation of children’s rights in Arusha city.

This study sought to establish the effect of interactive teaching on primary school pupils’ activeness in learning in Korogwe District, using the descriptive survey design. The study employed a self-constructed questionnaire as source of data. The target population was 31,400 Class Six pupils in 346 Primary Schools. Twenty schools with 2,570 pupils were randomly selected to constitute a sample from which 346 pupils were randomly selected to constitute the actual sample. Two education experts checked the content of the questionnaire against research questions and provided opinions on how the instrument would be improved. The Cronbach’s alpha of greater than 0.7 was established prior to actual data analysis. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation. The study established that while teachers applied the interactive teaching approach and pupils were active in the process of learning, the interactive teachings influenced pupils’ activeness in learning. Therefore, it is recommended that teachers should continue using the interactive teaching approach as it influences pupils’ activeness in the process of learning.

This study aimed to explore leadership style and employee commitment among government hospitals in Dodoma City using the cross-sectional research design. The sample of 120 out of 889 employees was determined through simple random sampling procedure but only 102 returned the questionnaires. The following leadership styles were found to be existing: status quo, people oriented, democratic, task oriented and autocratic. Affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment existed in the organizations under investigation. There is a significant positive correlation between commitment of employees and two styles of leadership: democratic leadership accounting for 24.1% and autocratic leadership, accounting for 5.6%. There is no significant relationship between employees’ commitment and the following leadership styles: task oriented, people oriented, status oriented and laissez faire. The study recommends that employees need to be appraised for their commitment to the organizations. This can be done through various types of motivation in order to maintain their commitment spirit. The leaders of the organizations should be encouraged to increase the use of democratic and autocratic leadership styles which have accounted for employees’ commitment.