IntroductionThe dilemma posed between lifesaving benefit and risk of transmission through breast feeding complicates infant feedings among communities grossly affected by HIV/AIDS. According to the world health organization’s guideline which was revised in 2010, exclusive breast feeding and exclusive replacement feeding are the recommended infant feeding practices for HIV positive mothers. The aim of this study was to assess infant feeding practice and associated factors among HIV positive mothers in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional based cross sectional study was conducted from May to September 2013. A Randomly selected 260 HIV positive mothers were included. The data were collected by using a pretested and structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed to check association and to control confounders.ResultsFrom a total of 260 HIV positive mothers, 85.8% of them were feeding their children based on the recommended feeding way of infant feeding practice with the remaining percentage 14.2% were practicing mixed feeding. In multivariate analysis mothers attending high school and above AOR = 5.3 [95% CI = 1.25-22.1], having antenatal care follow up AOR = 5.5 [95% CI = 1.5-20.16], being on anti-retro viral therapy AOR = 6.5 [95% CI = 1.88-22.51] and disclosure of HIV status AOR = 7.1 [95% CI = 1.26-39.76] were found to be independently associated with infant feeding practice.ConclusionThis study revealed that large proportion of HIV positive mothers had followed the recommended infant feeding practice and significantly high number of mothers had practiced mixed feeding. Educating mothers, increasing ANC utilization, counseling mothers to start ART, encouraging and supporting mothers to disclose their HIV status were recommended.
Background Even though the modern contraceptive use was improved in Ethiopia, the utilization of long-acting family planning services is still low because of numerous factors. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize logical evidence about factors associated with long acting family planning service utilization in Ethiopia. Methods The participants of the study were married women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. This search included all published and unpublished observational studies written in the English language conducted before April 30, 2018, in Ethiopia. Electronic and non-electronic sources were used. PubMed, MEDLINE (EBSCO), CINHAL (EBSCO), Embase (EBSCO), POPLINE and the search engines like Google, Google Scholar Mednar and world cat log were used. The overall selected search results were 15 studies. Each study was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Studies. Data synthesis and statistical analysis were conducted using ReviewManagerVersion5.3.5. Results Women’s inadequate knowledge level [OR, 0.29; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.83, P = 0.02], women’s age between 15 and 34 [OR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.93, P = 0.01], not having electronic media [OR, 0.65; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.79, P < 0.0001] and women from rural area [OR = 0.65;95% CI:0.50, 0.81, P = 0.0009] were less likely associated in the use of long-acting family planning services. The odds of utilizing long acting family planning methods were high among non-government- employed women and husband [OR, 1.77; 95% CI: 1.29, 2.43, P = 0.0004], [OR, 1.69; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.15, P < 0.0001] respectively. Having no previous exposure to any modern family planning method [OR = 2.29; 95%CI: 1.83, 2.86, P < 0.00001] and women having no discussion with husband [OR = 1.92 (95%CI: 1.50, 2.45) P < 0.00001] were more likely associated in the utilization of long-acting family planning services. Conclusion Lack of information and knowledge, having discussion with husband, being women of younger age, having less than five living children, being government-employed women and husband, not having electronic media, and being residents in rural area were significant barriers for underutilization of long acting family planning methods in Ethiopia. Hence, the investigators suggest that key stakeholders should design interventions strategies to avert attitudinal, cultural and informational barriers towards long-acting family planning methods. Systematic review registration PROSPERO: 2018: CRD42018096373.
This study was done to assess women's knowledge of cervical cancer and associated factors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a facility-based cross-sectional study in eastern Ethiopia from January 1 to May 30, 2019. A convenient sampling technique was used to include 1181 women in this study. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, sexual history, knowledge and awareness of women was collected using face-to-face interview. The data were cleaned, coded and entered into EPI-info version 3.5.4 and then exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 23.0 software for analysis. The associations between independent variables and outcome variables were assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions. The results of these analyses were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. We declared statistically significant variables at a p-value less than 0.05. Results: Nearly half (574, 48.6%) of the participants have ever heard about cervical cancer. One hundred and thirty-nine (24.2%) of them did not know any of the risk factors. The majority of them mentioned bleeding after intercourse (329, 57.4%) as a symptom of the disease. Overall knowledge assessment revealed that 288 (55.7%) participants had adequate knowledge about cervical cancer. Participants' age in the range of 40-49 years (AOR: 2.58, 95% CI 1.99-5.57), having educational level above 12th grade (AOR: 12.11, 95% CI 4.57-32.09) and receiving information about the disease from healthcare professionals (AOR: 2.72, 95% CI 1.69-4.37) were independently associated with adequate knowledge of cervical cancer. Conclusion: The knowledge of women towards cervical cancer in our study area was inadequate. The respondents' age, educational status and source of information were independently associated with study participants' knowledge of cervical cancer. Young women with no formal education should get special focus in prevention strategies and we also recommend regular and effective counselling, and education about cervical cancer at health institutions.
Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical lesions and associated factors and the secondary objective was to assess adherence to post-cryotherapy treatment recommendations, among women in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two public hospitals in Harar city from January 1 to May 30, 2019. A facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and a total of 1181 women were included in the study. Structured face-to-face interviews with women aged 25-49 years were used to collect information on precancerous cervical lesion screening and adherence to post-cryotherapy treatment. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) method was used to screen women for precancerous cervical lesions. The collected data were entered into Epi Info software and then exported to SPSS software for analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to check the association between independent variables and abnormal cervical lesions. Results: The prevalence of abnormal cervical lesions among the participants screened was 24.5% (95% CI = 20.8-27.9%). Having no formal education (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.32-5.46), lack of awareness of cervical cancer, (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.68-4.23) and having a husband with history of multiple sexual partners (AOR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.13-2.7) were independently associated with abnormal cervical lesions. From the respondents who received cryotherapy treatment prior to the study, the majority, 92.9% (95% CI = 76.5-99.1), adhered to the post-cryotherapy treatment recommendations. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of abnormal cervical lesions in this area was high. Having no formal education, lack of awareness of cervical cancer and having a husband with history of multiple sexual partners were independently associated with having abnormal cervical lesions. The federal ministry of health and other stakeholders should focus on the primary prevention method (HPV vaccination) at an earlier stage to reduce the prevalence of abnormal cervical lesions in the study area. Harari regional health bureau should provide awareness creation activities and special attention should be given to uneducated women.
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