The Pantanal, one of the largest wetlands on the planet, comprises 140,000 km 2 of lowland floodplain of the upper Rio Paraguai basin that drains the Cerrado of central Brazil. The diverse mosaics of habitats resulting from the varied soil types and inundation regimes are responsible for an extraordinarily rich terrestrial and aquatic biota, exemplified by the bird richest wetland in the world-463 birds have been recorded there-and the largest known populations of several threatened mammals, such as Pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), marsh deer ( Blastocerus dichotomus), giant otter ( Pteronura brasiliensis), and jaguar ( Panthera onca). Until recently, deforestation of the adjoining Brazilian central plateau was considered the major threat to this area, but now deforestation is a critical problem within the floodplain itself. More than 40% of the forest and savanna habitats have been altered for cattle ranching through the introduction of exotic grasses. And there are other threats that lead to large-scale disruption of ecological processes, severely affecting biodiversity. Although the Pantanal wetland is a Biosphere Reserve and is considered a Wetland of International Importance, only 2.5% of the upper Paraguai River basin is formally protected. To date, protected areas have been created opportunistically and as such, although of undoubted value, protect only a fraction of the Pantanal's wildlife and habitats. Among the conservation initiatives in the area, the private sector is increasingly participating in the establishment of private reserves. The prospects are far from optimistic, however, and the major challenge is to find alternative socioeconomic models that allow for conservation and economic uses of the land in association with the development of specific environmental legislation that reflects the unique characteristics of the region. Protegiendo a los Humedales del Pantanal: Amenazas e Iniciativas de ConservaciónResumen: El Pantanal, 140,000 km 2 de llanura inundable de la cuenca alta del Río Paraguai que drena el Cerrado en el centro de Brasil, es uno de los humedales más extensos del planeta. Los diversos mosaicos de hábitats que resultan de diversos tipos de suelo y regímenes de inundación son responsables de una biota terrestre y acuática extraordinariamente rica, ejemplificada por el humedal con mayor riqueza de aves en el mundo -se han registrado 463 especies de aves -y las mayores poblaciones conocidas de varios mamíferos amenazados, como el venado de las Pampas (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), el venado de pantano (Blastocerus dichotomus), la nutria gigante (Pteronura brasiliensis) y el jaguar (Panthera onca). Hasta hace poco, la deforestación de la meseta central Brasileña adyacente era considerada como la mayor amenaza a estaárea, pero ahora la deforestación es un problema crítico dentro de la misma llanura inundable. Más de 40% de hábitats de bosque y sabana han sido alterados para producción de ganado mediante la introducción de pastos exóticos. Y hay otas amenazas que conducen a la disrupci...
RESUMO: O Brasil possui a flora mais rica do globo com cerca de 60.000 espécies conhecidas. Mato Grosso participa com uma parcela significativa, por conter diferentes regiões biogeográficas: a amazônia, o cerrado e o pantanal -diferenciados tanto pela estrutura quanto pelas espécies. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho buscou verificar a vulnerabilidade das espécies e ecossistemas, com base no modelo recomendado pelo IICA (Instituto Interamericano de Cooperação em Agricultura) e o sistema de classificação das categorias segundo a União Intemacional para Conservação da Natureza e Recursos Naturais (lUCN). As espécies selecionadas foram distribuí-das em seções: madeireira, medicinal, frutíferas, ornamental e palmeiras. São apresentadas 37 espécies da flora de Mato Grosso, enquadradas nas categorias: Vulneráveis (V), Em Perigo de Extinção (E), Rara (R). O extrativismo das espécies converge para o objetivo da importância conservacionista.Palavras Chave: Conservação, Biodiversidade, Flora de Mato Grosso, Espécies ameaçadas.ABSTRACT: (Biodiversity Conservation: Species from Mato Grosso Flora.) Brazil prossesses the richest flora on the world, counting with around 60.000 known species. Though having diverse biogeographic regions [the "amazon celTado" and the "pantanal"], differenteated both by structure as well as by species, Mato Grosso state participantes participates significantly. The working process herein used aimed at checking the vulnerability of species and ecosystems based on the model recomended by the IICA (lnteramerican Institute for Cooperation in Agriculture) and system of category classification according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources [IUCN]. Selected species were sorted by section: wood source, medicinal, fruitbearing, ornamental and paim 37 species of the Mato Grosso flora are presented, placed in the categories: Vulnerable [V], Endangered [E] and Rare [R]. Extraction from the species converges towards the objective of a conservacionist importance.
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