We aim to identify the engagement strategies that higher education students, engaging in emergency online learning in low-resource settings, perceive to be effective. We conducted a sequential mixed-methods study based on Moore’s interaction framework for distance education. We administered a questionnaire to 313 students engaging in emergency online learning in low-resource settings to examine their perceptions of different engagement strategies. Our results showed that student–content engagement strategies, e.g., screen sharing, summaries, and class recordings, are perceived as the most effective, closely followed by student–teacher strategies, e.g., Q and A sessions and reminders. Student–student strategies, e.g., group chat and collaborative work, are perceived as the least effective. The perceived effectiveness of engagement strategies varies based on the students’ gender and technology access. To support instructors, instructional designers, and researchers, we propose a 10-level guide for engaging students during emergency online classes in low-resource settings.
Résumé Les petites et moyennes entreprises constituent l’essentiel du tissu économique libanais. Au cours des dernières décennies, les dirigeants de ces PME ont joué un rôle pivot dans la survie de leurs entreprises. Cette recherche vise à comprendre comment ces dirigeants arrivent à survivre dans un contexte turbulent marqué par de perpétuels changements qui se renouvellent presque en permanence, et ce en montrant comment ils parviennent, dans un tel environnement, à mobiliser les ressources et les compétences et à déployer les capacités dynamiques afin d’élaborer des pratiques efficaces et durables. Les résultats issus d’une recherche qualitative du type exploratoire visent à présenter aux chercheurs un « modèle de réaction » qui, dans un contexte similaire, pourrait éclairer les dirigeants de PME sur les performances managériales requises.
The COVID-19 pandemic forced the transition to emergency online learning without prior preparation or guidelines. This transition has been particularly challenging in developing countries and low-resource contexts and hindered student engagement. We aim to identify the engagement strategies which students, engaging in emergency online learning in low-resource contexts, perceive to be effective. We conducted a sequential mixed-methods study based on Moore’s interaction framework for distance education. First, we conducted a literature review and interviewed ten teachers and ten students to identify a list of engagement strategies. Then, we designed a questionnaire that examines student perceptions of these strategies. We administered the questionnaire to 313 students engaging in emergency online learning in low-resource contexts. Our analysis results showed that student-content engagement strategies, e.g. screen sharing, summaries, and class recordings, are perceived as the most effective, closely followed by student-teacher strategies, e.g. Q&A sessions and reminders. Student-student strategies, e.g. group chat and collaborative work, are perceived as the least effective. The perceived effectiveness of engagement strategies depends on the context and the students’ characteristics, e.g. gender, major, and technology access. To support instructors, instructional designers, and researchers we propose a ten-level guide for engaging students during emergency online classes in low-resource contexts.
L’entrepreneur est par nature un individu complexe qui interagit continuellement avec son environnement, et ce n’est qu’à travers l’analyse de ces interactions que sa logique d’action devient plus compréhensive. Cette interaction permet de préciser et d’élargir la démarche compréhensive des logiques d’action et d’exécution des entrepreneurs. Cette étude vise d’une part à analyser le point de vue de l’entrepreneur sur son propre agir entrepreneurial, et d’autre part à comprendre la perception de cet agir par les parties prenantes de son projet, et ceci dans un contexte déterminé. Une étude qualitative exploratoire portant sur le cas d’un entrepreneur et six acteurs de son entourage est conduite à l’aide d’entretiens semi-dirigés. Les constats tirés de l’analyse des représentations des actions entrepreneuriales ont permis de mieux cerner l’intentionnalité de l’entrepreneur, et de s’approfondir dans la compréhension de l’agir entrepreneurial.
La contribution de la relation client au développement de la résilience des PME libanaises dans un contexte turbulent
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