D o s s i e rRe´sume´-Mousses non aqueuses et mousses pe´trolie`res -Les mousses produites a`partir de syste`mes non aqueux sont moins fre´quentes que les mousses a`base d'eau, mais elles jouent un roˆle important dans de nombreuses applications et proce´de´s industriels. La faible tension de surface des liquides a`base d'hydrocarbures limite l'adsorption des agents de surface classiques et par conse´quent diffe´rents compose´s et me´thodes doivent eˆtre conside´re´s afin de ge´ne´rer et de stabiliser les mousses a`base d'huile. De meˆme, le cassage des mousses non aqueuses inde´sirables ne´cessite des conside´rations spe´cifiques a`ces syste`mes. Les mousses de pe´trole pre´sentent un inte´reˆt particulier de par leur complexite´en raison de la grande varie´te´des compose´s et des gaz qui peuvent les constituer. Nous pre´sentons dans cet article un aperc¸u des principaux me´canismes reconnus comme importants pour la stabilite´des mousses non aqueuses avec une conside´ration toute particulie`re pour les mousses de pe´trole brut.Abstract -Non-Aqueous and Crude Oil Foams -Foams produced from non-aqueous media are less common than water-based foams but they play an important role in many industries and engineering processes. The low surface tension of hydrocarbon fluids limits the adsorption of common surface activity substances and different compounds and methods must be considered to generate and stabilize oil-based foam. Likewise, the destruction of unwanted non-aqueous based foam requires specific considerations not found with aqueous systems. Of particular interest are petroleum-based foams, which are highly complex due to the wide variety of compounds and gases that can be found. We provide an overview of the major mechanisms known to be important for non-aqueous foam stability with a spotlight on crude-oil foams.

No abstract

The addition of chemicals is the most widely applied solution to prevent the formation of foam or to destroy it immediately after its generation as a result of its simplicity and efficiency. Among the different chemicals that can be used as antifoams or defoamers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils are the most common, followed by fluorosilicone oils for the most severe cases. Nonetheless, there is no clear management on the selection of these additives; therefore, it is still based on a trialand-error basis. For this reason, we have studied the properties and effectiveness of different chemical additives by defining two parameters based on the logistic model developed for the study of the defoaming kinetics of crude oil foams formed by depressurization: the effect on the foamability or antifoamability effect (AE) and the effect on foam stability or destabilization effect (DE). Finally, we have tried to go further in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in foam breaking, looking for similitudes on the defoaming behavior in the different crude oils tested.